{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:16:29Z","timestamp":1792682189905,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WXLH202403076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WXLH202403076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WXLH202402008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WXLH202402008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFSC0697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC0697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T01:31:37Z","timestamp":1763083897000},"page":"157540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Codonopsis Radix: A comprehensive review for its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and potential clinical applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4283-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinrong","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jierui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianli","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102569","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles aggravated the metabolic associated fatty liver disease through disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress","volume":"59","author":"Abulikemu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7873","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147873","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: from basic science towards clinical progress, focusing on the central role of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"25","author":"Akk\u0131z","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0003","first-page":"262","article-title":"Synthesis of plant-derived selenium nanoparticles from Lankaran-Astara tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant and evaluation of their activities on different enzymes","volume":"10","author":"Alasgarova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01965-7","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8143","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01119K","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and change serum metabolomic profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.123","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of two water-soluble polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. Var. Modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its mechanism","volume":"120","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02969A","article-title":"Immune-enhancement effects of oligosaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104070","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of oligosaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"72","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0009","first-page":"3228","article-title":"Quality equivalence of Codonopsis Radix-Codonopsis Radix pieces-rice fried Codonopsis Radix","volume":"42","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chine. Tradit. Patent Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03253-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management","volume":"77","author":"Barati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.7989","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review","volume":"158","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMa Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0373-6","article-title":"Unusual clinical presentations of malignant melanoma: a review of clinical and histologic features with special emphasis on dermatoscopic findings","volume":"19","author":"Cabrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0013","first-page":"125","article-title":"Effect of total saponins of Codonopsis pilosula nanoemulsion on immunologic function of mice","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Northwest A & F Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0014","article-title":"Percutaneous permeability of Codonopsis pilosula total saponins nanoemulsion in vitro and anti-melanoma cells","volume":"46","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0015","first-page":"41324","article-title":"UV-guided Isolation of Polyynes and Polyenes from the Roots of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"5","author":"Chao","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0016","article-title":"Integrative analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), miRNAs, and mRNA-associated ceRNA network in lung tissue of aging mice and changes after treatment with Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0017","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Effects of different processing methods on chemical constituents and product quality of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chine. Trad. Patent Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X10007907","article-title":"Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) activates IGF-I and FGF-2 pathways to induce proliferation and migration effects in RSC96 Schwann cells","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12630","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides from a Codonopsis pilosula endophyte activate macrophages and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124478","article-title":"Metabolites from scutellarin alleviating deferoxamine-induced hypoxia injury in BV2 cells cultured on microfluidic chip combined with a mass spectrometer","volume":"259","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2015.1095924","article-title":"Activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in A549 cell by a pectin polysaccharide isolated from Codonopsis pilosula and its selenized derivative","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Carbohyd. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050905","article-title":"Ramulus mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids alleviate high-fat diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271211021476","article-title":"Lobetyolin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ASCT2 down-regulation-induced apoptosis","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000538490","article-title":"Codonopsis Radix inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mice through regulation of the Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-023-00588-w","article-title":"Lobetyolin inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by downregulating ASCT2 in gastric cancer","volume":"75","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0026","unstructured":"China National Intellectual Property Administration, Representative patents. https:\/\/pss-system.cponline.cnipa.gov.cn\/retrieveList?prevPageTit=changgui (Accessed 18 July 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0027","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.10.006","article-title":"Effects of Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mice exposed to PM2.5","volume":"48","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104821","article-title":"Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Crudele","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0030","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Protective effect of total saponins of Codonopsis rotunda on hepatic and renal injury in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"42","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chinese Med. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108682","article-title":"Polysaccharide from Radix Codonopsis has beneficial effects on the maintenance of T-cell balance in mice","volume":"112","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13235","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S484575","article-title":"Oral targeted delivery of Codonopsis Radix polysaccharide via succinyl-DHA functionalized nanoparticles efficiently alleviates ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01353-3","article-title":"Signaling pathways in Parkinson\u2019s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Dong-Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Tar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0034","first-page":"1749","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of ultramicro-powder and fine powder of Radix Codonopsis in rats","volume":"36","author":"Dou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.09.019","article-title":"Metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutical targets for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0036","first-page":"777","article-title":"Correlation between total selenium, protein and polysaccharide content of Codonopsis Radix and soil selenium content in different areas","volume":"21","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Central South Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04284-4","article-title":"Effective high-throughput isolation of enriched platelets and circulating pro-angiogenic cells to accelerate skin-wound healing","volume":"79","author":"Erratico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0038","first-page":"208","article-title":"Development, characterization and application of chitosan-based formulation incorporating crataegus orientalis extract for food conservation","volume":"10","author":"Evcil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0039","first-page":"411","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of alkaloid extract from Codonopsis Radix in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation: insights into mitochondrial energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation in NAFLD mice","volume":"21","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0040","first-page":"1356","article-title":"Carcinoma SMMC-7721 cellsinhibitory effeets and mechanism of total saponins from Codonopsis pilosula on human hepatocellular","volume":"26","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.210","article-title":"Production of a Codonopsis polysaccharide iron complex and evaluation of its properties","volume":"162","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0042","first-page":"22","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Ludangshen oral liquid in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary with pulmonary infection","volume":"20","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Diet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4953","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2833","article-title":"Cervical cancer immunotherapy: facts and hopes","volume":"27","author":"Ferrall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202407-1325OC","article-title":"Select airway specialized pro-resolving mediators are associated with recovery from non-viral COPD exacerbations","volume":"211","author":"Finney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4394","article-title":"The natural compound codonolactone attenuates TGF-\u03b21-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of breast cancer cells","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0046","first-page":"203","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of hydropyridine derivatives against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Ganbarov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.02.032","article-title":"Exploring on the bioactive markers of Codonopsis Radix by correlation analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects","volume":"236","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.149","article-title":"The structural characterization and immune modulation activitives comparison of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS) and selenizing CPPS (sCPPS) on mouse in vitro and vivo","volume":"160","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J Bio. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0049","first-page":"339","article-title":"Protective effects of total saponin of Radix Codonopsis on focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"30","author":"Gong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese J. New Drugs Clin. Remed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7999","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01221A","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides attenuate Escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2020.02.1152","article-title":"The Chinese herb Codonopsis pilosula isolate isorhapontigenin protects against oxidative stress injury by inhibiting the activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"19","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010039","article-title":"Protective role of Nrf2 in renal disease","volume":"10","author":"Guerrero-Hue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01611-z","article-title":"The development of probiotics and prebiotics therapy to ulcerative colitis: a therapy that has gained considerable momentum","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0054","first-page":"1930","article-title":"Effects of Codonopsis Radix on tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\/nuclear factor-\u03bab signaling pathway in mice with chronic obstru ctive pulmonary disease","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO04327G","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, distribution and excretion of inulin-type fructan CPA after oral or intravenous administration to mice","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.02.001","article-title":"The \u03b2-secretase BACE1 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"89","author":"Hampel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010055","article-title":"Gastric mucosal protective effects of cinnamomum cassia in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric injury","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0058","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Study on pharmacokinetics of compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation for locoweed detoxication","volume":"43","author":"Hao","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Anim. Husband. Veter. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04823-z","article-title":"Combining network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Codonopsis Radix.-Hedysarum Multijugum maxim-atractylodes macrocephala koidz. in treating lung cancer","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-2935-z","article-title":"Protective effects of Radix Codonopsis on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after kidney transplantation","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-013-0801-0","article-title":"Quality evaluation of medicinally-used Codonopsis species and Codonopsis Radix based on the contents of pyrrolidine alkaloids, phenylpropanoid and polyacetylenes","volume":"68","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2494","article-title":"HPLC\/UV analysis of polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoid and pyrrolidine alkaloids in medicinally used Codonopsis species","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0063","article-title":"Proteomics and metabolomics unveil Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Ameliorates gastric precancerous lesions via regulating energy metabolism","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73542","article-title":"Microtubule assembly by tau impairs endocytosis and neurotransmission via dynamin sequestration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease synapse model","volume":"11","author":"Hori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00342-8","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.140","article-title":"Uniform and disperse selenium nanoparticles stabilized by inulin fructans from Codonopsis pilosula and their anti-hepatoma activities","volume":"203","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Bio. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12459","article-title":"Glutamine metabolic microenvironment drives M2 macrophage polarization to mediate trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040887","article-title":"Three new polyynes from Codonopsis pilosula and their activities on lipid metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0069","first-page":"208","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides alleviate A\u03b2(1-40)-induced PC12 cells energy dysmetabolism via CD38\/NAD+ signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0070","first-page":"2325","article-title":"Toxicological study of codonopsis pilosula","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J. Health Labor. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01361-x","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by triggering NLRP3\/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1438634","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of allium turcicum \u00f6zhatay & cowley plant extract, its effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Ipek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050927","article-title":"Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of codonopsis pilosula glucofructan: optimization, structure, and immunoregulatory activity","volume":"14","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03761G","article-title":"Hypoglycemic activity of codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in vitro and in vivo and its chemical composition identification by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS\/MS","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2015.11.009","article-title":"Codonopiloneolignanin A, a polycyclic neolignan with a new carbon skeleton from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"27","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.03.005","article-title":"Acetylenes and fatty acids from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.09.007","article-title":"Sesquiterpene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0078","first-page":"659","article-title":"Protective effects of Codonopsis Radix on gastric mucosa in rats with gastric ulcer","volume":"34","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese J. Mod. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1781036","article-title":"Absorption of Codonopsis pilosula saponins by coexisting polysaccharides alleviates gut microbial dysbiosis with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in model mice","volume":"2018","author":"Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.021","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from immunotherapy to immunoprevention","volume":"186","author":"Jucker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2021","article-title":"Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema","volume":"103","author":"Kheradmand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12600","article-title":"Galectin 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP) depletion attenuates hepatic fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) availability and inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00617-9","article-title":"Clinical and translational advances in ovarian cancer therapy","volume":"4","author":"Konstantinopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0002","article-title":"Research progress in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy using traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"8","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117220","article-title":"Multi-omics revealed the mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula aqueous extract in improving UC through blocking abnormal activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"319","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0086","first-page":"132","article-title":"Herbal textual research on local varieties of Codonopsis Radix","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese J. Experim. Trad. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0087","first-page":"105","article-title":"Herbal textual research of Codonopsis Radix","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese Wild Plant Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156400","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol modulates osteogenic and adipogenic balance in BMSCs to suppress osteoporosis via regulating mTOR-IMP1-adipoq axis","volume":"138","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22122258","article-title":"Structure features and anti-gastric ulcer effects of inulin-type fructan CP-A from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104537","article-title":"Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a glucan from Radix Codonopsis","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0091","article-title":"Resolvin D1 reprograms energy metabolism to promote microglia to phagocytize neutrophils after ischemic stroke","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01478-6","article-title":"Metabolism, metabolites, and macrophages in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060895","article-title":"Isolation, purification, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and their anti-tumor bioactivity by immunomodulation","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0094","first-page":"133","article-title":"Effect of different processing methods on types and contents of chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese J. Experim. Trad. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1422491","article-title":"SIRT1 inhibitory compounds from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.062","article-title":"Protective effect of a polysaccharide from stem of Codonopsis pilosula against renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0098","first-page":"55","article-title":"Analysis on effect of Ludangshen oral liquid combined with salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation in treatment of stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"41","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese Commun. Doct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0099","first-page":"788","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides regulate NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to alleviate T cell immune disorders and airway inflammation in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tianjin J. Trad. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0100","first-page":"614","article-title":"Study on the dosage of Codonopsis Pilosula in improving renal function by functional MRI combined with urinary 8-OHdG and IV collagen detection","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod. Med. Imageol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0496-1","article-title":"Baicalein attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in mice via suppressing oxidative stress and activating autophagy in cardiomyocytes","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.12.023","article-title":"The comparison of antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CP) and sulfated CP","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0103","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on serum S100-\u03b2 and nse levels in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0104","first-page":"465","article-title":"Effects of the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cell MCF-7 by total saponins from Codonopsis pilosula via the miR-142-3p\/MARCH7 axis","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112016","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide in synergy with dacarbazine inhibits mouse melanoma by repolarizing M2-like tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110721","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit lipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells by activating \u03b2-catenin","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0107","first-page":"287","article-title":"Effect of Codonopsis on electrophysiological remodeling of heart failure mice induced by stress load","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0108","first-page":"148","article-title":"Effect of Dangshen fermentation broth on anti-fatigue ability and hypoxia tolerance of rats","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hunan J. Trad. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106440","article-title":"Berberine for gastric cancer prevention and treatment: multi-step actions on the Correa\u2019s cascade underlie its therapeutic effects","volume":"184","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.048","article-title":"Sinomenine protects against E.coli-induced acute lung injury in mice through Nrf2-NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.05.067","article-title":"Characterization and hypoglycemic effect of a neutral polysaccharide extracted from the residue of Codonopsis Pilosula","volume":"197","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0112","first-page":"397","article-title":"Protective effects of total saponins of Codonopsis on ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS in rats and its mechanism","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0113","first-page":"453","article-title":"Exploration about the clinical application and dosage of Codonopsis Pilosula","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jilin J.Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0114","article-title":"Network pharmacology integrated with transcriptomics deciphered the potential mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid.-based compl. Alt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-018-0187-5","article-title":"Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. amelioration effect on diabetic kidney disease rats induced by high fat diet feeding combined with streptozotocin","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117863","article-title":"Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological properties of the polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula: a review","volume":"261","author":"Luan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.11.006","article-title":"Distinct contributions of partial and full EMT to breast cancer malignancy","volume":"56","author":"L\u00fc\u00f6nd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0118","first-page":"309","article-title":"Research progress in processing techniques and chemical composition changes of Dangshen","volume":"20","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Moderniz. Trad. Chinese Med. Mater. Medica-World Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0119","first-page":"681","article-title":"Codonopsis polysaccharide inhibits the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic components in human renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese J. Integr. Trad. Western Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130988","article-title":"Isolation, purification, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and its therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro and in vivo","volume":"265","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.008","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates sepsis-associated inflammation and encephalopathy via central \u03b12A adrenoceptor","volume":"91","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110180","article-title":"A polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula roots attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via modulation of TLR4\/NF-\u03bab and TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 signaling pathway","volume":"119","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.117","article-title":"Extraction, characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of an inulin-type fructan from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"163","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.007","article-title":"Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD","volume":"35","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118899","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and related gender difference studies of four active components of Codonopsis Pilosula by LC-MS\/MS determination","volume":"337","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0126","unstructured":"National Medical Products Administration, representative proprietary Chinese medicines. https:\/\/www.nmpa.gov.cn\/datasearch\/search-result.html (Accessed on 18 July 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154412","article-title":"A molecular phenotypic screen reveals that lobetyolin alleviates cardiac dysfunction in 5\/6 nephrectomized mice by inhibiting osteopontin","volume":"107","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154807","article-title":"Lobetyolin alleviates ferroptosis of skeletal muscle in 5\/6 nephrectomized mice via activation of Hedgehog-GLI1 signaling","volume":"115","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brit. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.08.013","article-title":"Hepatocyte foxo1 deficiency protects from liver fibrosis via reducing inflammation and TGF-\u03b21-mediated HSC activation","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00766-1","article-title":"The role of complement in kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Petr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104748","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis enabled by microfluidically linked organs-on-chips","volume":"58","author":"Prantil-Baun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1862755","article-title":"Flavonoids as potential agents in the management of type 2 diabetes through the modulation of \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase activity: a review","volume":"62","author":"Proen\u00e7a","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2018.05.012","article-title":"Choushenosides A-C, three dimeric catechin glucosides from codonopsis pilosula collected in Yunnan province, China","volume":"153","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1601.01094","article-title":"Effects of selenizing Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on macrophage modulatory activities","volume":"26","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.025","article-title":"Study of the selenizing Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides protects RAW264.7 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury","volume":"125","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0137","first-page":"64","article-title":"Clinical effect observation of Ludangshen oral liquid combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of chronic nephritis","volume":"41","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Commun. Doct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadn9285","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn9285","article-title":"An open-label, randomized controlled trial to assess a ketogenic diet in critically ill patients with sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Rahmel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110373","article-title":"Emerging roles of tyrosine kinases in hepatic inflammatory diseases and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"120","author":"Shaker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118334","article-title":"Review of Codonopsis Radix biological activities: a plant of traditional Chinese tonic","volume":"332","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-03-22-0464-PDN","article-title":"First report of alternaria alternata inciting leaf spot of Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) in China","volume":"106","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01418-2","article-title":"100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy","volume":"27","author":"Sims","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"396","author":"Smyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0144","first-page":"94","article-title":"Clinical observation of Ludangshen oral liquid in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression in lung cancer patients with qi and blood deficiency","volume":"31","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Pharmaceut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0145","unstructured":"State Administration for Market Regulation, Dual-use medicinal and edible substances catalog. https:\/\/www.samr.gov.cn\/xw\/sj\/art\/2023\/art_8d005589c2914083a4aa9442102babf8.html (Accessed 18 July 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218019120","article-title":"Schnurri-3 inhibition suppresses bone and joint damage in models of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"120","author":"Stavre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01273-9","article-title":"Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission","volume":"400","author":"Stolz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1712390","article-title":"Four new polyynes from Codonopsis pilosula collected in Yunnan province, China","volume":"35","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5348","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165348","article-title":"The obesity amelioration effect in high-fat-diet fed mice of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"27","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.322000","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease: risk assessment in young individuals","volume":"132","author":"Tahir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113280","article-title":"Combination of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula ameliorated mice colitis and underlying mechanisms","volume":"264","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0152","first-page":"948","article-title":"Targeted isolation and identification of bioactive pyrrolidine alkaloids from Codonopsis pilosula using characteristic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.03.017","article-title":"Advancing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"30","author":"Temple","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0155","first-page":"1941","article-title":"Determination of alcohol-soluble extract and codonopsis acetylene glycosides before and after stir-frying and comparison of their effects on strengthening spleen and preventing diarrhea","volume":"43","author":"Tie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Trad. Patent Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.056","article-title":"Dung-shen (Codonopsis pilosula) attenuated the cardiac-impaired insulin-like growth factor II receptor pathway on myocardial cells","volume":"138","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.56.1546","article-title":"Phenolic glycosides and pyrrolidine alkaloids from Codonopsis tangshen","volume":"56","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-010-0447-0","article-title":"Three new triterpenyl esters, codonopilates A-C, isolated from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"65","author":"Wakana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c13-00516","article-title":"Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, codonopsinol C and codonopiloside A, isolated from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"61","author":"Wakana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01660-9","article-title":"Astragaloside IV derivative HHQ16 ameliorates infarction-induced hypertrophy and heart failure through degradation of lncRNA4012\/9456","volume":"8","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Tar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13422","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103445","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide attenuates A\u03b2 toxicity and cognitive defects in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany. NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac5008","article-title":"Extraction kinetic model of polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and the application of polysaccharide in wound healing","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00345-x","article-title":"Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Tar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.03.014","article-title":"Inhibition of ASCT2 induces hepatic stellate cell senescence with modified proinflammatory secretome through an IL-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB feedback pathway to inhibit liver fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0167","first-page":"195","article-title":"Protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula polysaccharides on OxidativeDamage of EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceut. J. Chinese People's Liber. Army"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/life11050422","article-title":"Herbal extract from Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Enhances cardiogenic differentiation and improves the function of infarcted rat hearts","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0169","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Comparative study on UPLC fingerprints of Codonopsis Radix rawproducts and different rice fried Codonopsis Radix","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Eval. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0170","first-page":"2765","article-title":"Study on dynamic changes of lobetyolin, 5-HMF and codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides content in rice friedCodonopsis pilosula during processing","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Safety Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154798","article-title":"Neferine ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through regulating AMPK pathway","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0173","first-page":"206","article-title":"Research progress of processing in production place and processing of Codonopsis Radix","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J. Experim. Trad. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1912749","article-title":"Two new aromatic derivatives from Codonopsis pilosula and their \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activities","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2643","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118016","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula water extract delays d-galactose-induced aging of the brain in mice by activating autophagy and regulating metabolism","volume":"327","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202200062","article-title":"Characterization of chemical composition variations in raw and processed Codonopsis Radix by integrating metabolomics and glycomics based on multiple chromatography-mass spectrometry technology","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0179","series-title":"Dictionary of Chinese Medicinal Dietetics","author":"Wang","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0180","first-page":"1514","article-title":"Explore the mechanism of compatibility of Radix Codonopsis and Poria on improving learning and memory ability in dementia mice based on neuroactive ligand receptor interaction","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trad. Chinese Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad086","article-title":"Cardiac-specific BACH1 ablation attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the Ang II type 1 receptor expression and the Ca2+\/CaMKII pathway","volume":"119","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02204-w","article-title":"Protective activity of A\u03b2 on cell cultures (PC12 and THP-1 after Differentiation) preincubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)","volume":"58","author":"Wiatrak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0183","first-page":"17","article-title":"Study on synergetic mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from WenXian DangShen combined with cyclophosphamide in fighting against S180 tumor of the mice","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Western J. Trad. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0184","series-title":"Bencao Congxin. Publishing House of Ancient Chinese Medical Books","author":"Wu","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/med4.28","article-title":"Data mining analysis of professor Qiu Changlin\u2019s Chinese Medicinal therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2023","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156292","article-title":"Long term Coptidis Rhizoma intake induce gastrointestinal emptying inhibition and colon barrier weaken via bitter taste receptors activation in mice","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0187","first-page":"948","article-title":"Codonopsis polysaccharide protected LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting MAPK\/NF\u2043\u03baB signaling pathway in mice","volume":"40","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pract. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03383F","article-title":"Structure-specific antitumor effects and potential gut microbiota-involved mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides on B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117106","article-title":"Effects and mechanism of extracts rich in phenylpropanoids-polyacetylenes and polysaccharides from Codonopsis Radix on improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment of mice","volume":"319","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6352","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00468E","article-title":"Antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula in mice","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.019","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of a polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula on tumor growth and metastasis in vitro","volume":"51","author":"Xin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.013","article-title":"The contribution of side chains to antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000096","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and beyond: from mechanism to pharmacotherapies","volume":"73","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0194","first-page":"91","article-title":"Safety toxicological evaluation of Baitiao Radix Codonopsis","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hygiene Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0195","first-page":"826","article-title":"Preventive effect of total saponin of Radix Codonopsis on ast lesioninduced by hypoxia and hypoglycem ia reoxygenation in rats","volume":"29","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Trad. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/med4.58","article-title":"Visualization analysis of research progress and trends in coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis using bibliometrics","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282211054333","article-title":"Preparation of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide microcapsules and its effect and mechanism on skin wound healing in rats","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0196","first-page":"9420115","article-title":"\u201cMedicine food homology\u201d plants in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: pathogenic pathways and therapeutic approaches","volume":"3","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Med. Homol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0199","series-title":"Study on the protective effect and mechanism of Shengmai Yin in atherosclerosis induced by fine particulate matter and myocardial ischemic injury [Master\u2019s Thesis]","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0200","series-title":"Bencao Fenjing","author":"Yao","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S386941","article-title":"Integrating network pharmacology and bioinformatics to explore the effects of Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) against hepatocellular carcinoma: validation based on the active compound luteolin","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061323","article-title":"Effects of different drying methods on the drying characteristics and quality of Codonopsis pilosula slices","volume":"12","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0203","article-title":"Utilization of functional agro-waste residues for oyster mushroom production: nutritions and active ingredients in healthcare","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0204","first-page":"8023","article-title":"Optimization of processing technology and study on correlation between intrinsic key quality attributes and color of Codonopsis Radix","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Trad. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0205","first-page":"70","article-title":"Protective effect and mechanism of total saponins of Codonopsis Radix on cognitive dysfunction in aging mice","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese J. Experim. Trad. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0206","first-page":"36","article-title":"Study on molecular mechanism of Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) in treatment of gastric ulcer based on network pharmacology","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Arch. Trad. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0207","series-title":"Benjing Fengyuan","author":"Zhang","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.023","article-title":"Structural characterization of a pectic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and its immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00437","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairments in htau infected mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0210","article-title":"Total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola attenuates DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by regulating intestinal environmental homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Med. Homol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01438-z","article-title":"Soluble CD4 effectively prevents excessive TLR activation of resident macrophages in the onset of sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Tar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.021","article-title":"Structures and anti-melanoma activities of two polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0213","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effect of total saponins of Codonopsis lanceolata on the expression of MDA, TNF-\u03b1, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in myocardium of diabetic rats","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod. Med. J. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00056-9","article-title":"Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia: assessment, clinical interpretation, and management","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0215","series-title":"Bencao Gangmu Shiyi","author":"Zhao","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155866","article-title":"Pretreatment with Dan-Shen-Yin granules alleviates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via Akt\/Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"132","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0217","first-page":"145","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of Codonpsis thalictrifolia saponin on leydig cells","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese J. Experim. Trad. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020383","article-title":"Two new triterpenoids from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000091","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide attenuates cecal ligation and puncture sepsis via circuiting regulatory T cells in mice","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116741","article-title":"Shenqi formula delayed Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like symptoms by skn-1 pathway in Caernorhabditis elegans","volume":"316","author":"Zhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2021.1921786","article-title":"Interventional effect of Codonopsis pilosula oligosaccharides against d-galactose-induced aging in SD rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Carbohydr. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3641","article-title":"Identification of the protective effects of traditional medicinal plants against SDS-induced drosophila gut damage","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6043","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11261","article-title":"New pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities","volume":"101","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0224","first-page":"149","article-title":"Content of polysaccharide and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) in Codonopsis Radix after cooked with rice and its impact on rabbit gastrointestinal smoothmuscle in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Trad. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.786141","article-title":"Restorative effects of inulin from Codonopsis pilosula on intestinal mucosal immunity, anti-inflammatory activity and gut microbiota of immunosuppressed mice","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540_bib0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10596-5","article-title":"Effects of normobaric hypoxic endurance training on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized prospective pilot study","volume":"268","author":"Zrzavy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325011766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325011766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:42:22Z","timestamp":1773844942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325011766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":220,"alternative-id":["S0944711325011766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Codonopsis Radix: A comprehensive review for its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and potential clinical applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157540","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157540"}}