{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:29:22Z","timestamp":1790692162294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013806","name":"Shenyang Pharmaceutical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7252093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T17:01:00Z","timestamp":1768237260000},"page":"157828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modulation of gut microbiota by the herbal formulation Intestinal Flora Balance rescues pancreatic and intestinal microvascular dysfunction to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0373-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0206-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijuan","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01114-y","article-title":"Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Accili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9715","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179715","article-title":"Insights into gut dysbiosis: inflammatory diseases, obesity, and restoration approaches","volume":"25","author":"Acevedo-Rom\u00e1n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0003","first-page":"43","article-title":"Implications of microcirculation-research based information on prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2: a perspective","volume":"34","author":"Bunnag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.879294","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection (GLP-1) protects vascular endothelial cell function in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0005","article-title":"Poria cocos polysaccharides ameliorate AOM\/DSS-induced colorectal cancer in mice by remodeling intestinal microbiota composition and enhancing intestinal barrier function","volume":"315","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11929","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02429","article-title":"Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus by restoring gut microbiota and repairing intestinal barrier via the LPS\/TLR4\/TRIF\/NF-kB axis","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0810","article-title":"Implications of integrated pancreatic microcirculation: crosstalk between endocrine and exocrine compartments","volume":"69","author":"Dybala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604","article-title":"UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads","volume":"10","author":"Edgar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680500253402","article-title":"Influence of glucose control and improvement of insulin resistance on microvascular blood flow and endothelial function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2","volume":"12","author":"Forst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0011","article-title":"Strain- and sex-specific differences in intestinal microhemodynamics and gut microbiota composition","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116051","article-title":"Dioscin: therapeutic potential for diabetes and complications","volume":"170","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. PharmacOther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1631841","article-title":"Emerging therapy targets to modulate microbiome-mediated effects evident in cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Hoffelner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-025-01683-9","article-title":"The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: an integrative review of the underlying mechanisms","author":"Karam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251245","article-title":"Gut microbiome differences among Mexican Americans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Kitten","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1159\/000515910","article-title":"Targeting the intestinal barrier to prevent gut-derived inflammation and disease: a role for intestinal alkaline phosphatase","volume":"37","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Visc. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9085","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009085","article-title":"Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults","volume":"5","author":"Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-230","article-title":"Neuronal toll-like receptor 4 signaling induces brain endothelial activation and neutrophil transmigration in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Leow-Dyke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001627","article-title":"Multimodal device and computer algorithm-based monitoring of pancreatic microcirculation profiles in vivo","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa164","article-title":"Pancreatic microcirculation profiles in the progression of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37589","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids prevent high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating G protein-coupled receptors and gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041306","article-title":"Isoflavone intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: results from 3 prospective cohort studies","volume":"141","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies","volume":"27","author":"Mago\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107452","article-title":"Flavonoids, gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: dynamics and interplay","volume":"209","author":"Mansour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081550","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and soy isoflavones for integrated management of the menopausal metabolic syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Marini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300291","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction is associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Muris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70037","article-title":"An up-to-date review of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis: components, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials","volume":"39","author":"Nijat","year":"2025","journal-title":"PhytOther Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319720936925","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Resanovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1559001","article-title":"Anaerobic gut bacteria and their potential role in the initiation, exacerbation, and development of human colorectal cancer: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Sabour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","article-title":"Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities","volume":"75","author":"Schloss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104450","article-title":"Role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive umbrella review protocol","volume":"15","author":"Seneviwickrama","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2542384","article-title":"Multi-omics integration reveals functional signatures of gut microbiome in atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70003","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, comorbidities, and emerging therapies","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1180","article-title":"Genistein in the metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"98","author":"Squadrito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0703-2","article-title":"Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and the microcirculation","volume":"17","author":"Strain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0038","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine ginseng Dingzhi decoction ameliorates myocardial fibrosis and high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating intestinal flora and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07","article-title":"Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9582-9","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of the faecal microbiota in patients with type II diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad030","article-title":"Protective factors and the pathogenesis of complications in diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04090-1","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in sepsis: interaction mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05768-5","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals crosstalk between gut microbiota and glucose-lowering drugs targeting the gastrointestinal tract in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6 month, two-arm randomised trial","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326000656?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326000656?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:17:52Z","timestamp":1773969472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326000656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0944711326000656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulation of gut microbiota by the herbal formulation Intestinal Flora Balance rescues pancreatic and intestinal microvascular dysfunction to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157828","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157828"}}