{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:34:37Z","timestamp":1794335677241,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2023E002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2023E002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2023E005TS07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2023E005TS07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017287","name":"Special Funds for the Basic Research and Development Program in the Central Non-profit Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7252252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:41:53Z","timestamp":1777131713000},"page":"158245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Eupalinolide B alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting HMGB1 through modulation of the HMGB1\/TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Wennan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sainan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linying","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jigang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12317","article-title":"Implications of the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a changing world","volume":"10","author":"Agrawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2009.11.003","article-title":"The role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatic disease","volume":"1799","author":"Andersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta -Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/107999004323142187","article-title":"Extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory cytokine","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Interferon. Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00736-w","article-title":"The mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2294942","article-title":"The role of lncRNAs in regulating the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier","volume":"2021","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21599","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase: regulation, structure, and inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Cinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.259","article-title":"Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"166","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032696","article-title":"CD4 T-cell subsets and the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Gomez-Bris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114179","article-title":"Eupalinolide B alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy via regulating the AMPK\/mTOR\/ULK-1 signaling axis","volume":"148","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1214095","article-title":"NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions","volume":"14","author":"Guldenpfennig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages","author":"Hracs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0012","article-title":"Small-molecule targeting BCAT1-mediated BCAA metabolism inhibits the activation of SHOC2-RAS-ERK to induce apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.10.021","article-title":"Small-molecule targeting BCAT1-mediated BCAA metabolism inhibits the activation of SHOC2-RAS-ERK to induce apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04471-3","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0015","first-page":"27","article-title":"Eupalinolide B suppresses pancreatic cancer by ROS generation and potential cuproptosis","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70034","article-title":"Eupalinolide B inhibits periodontitis development by targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3","volume":"6","author":"Kuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70034","article-title":"Eupalinolide B inhibits periodontitis development by targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2D3","volume":"6","author":"Kuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402105","article-title":"Structural basis for the proinflammatory cytokine activity of high mobility group box 1","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0019","article-title":"Novel insights into DBP-induced zebrafish liver inflammatory damage: ferroptosis activating the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-\u03bab signaling pathway","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000038","article-title":"Mechanism of Sishen Pills-Tongxie Yaofang in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113632","article-title":"The efficacy and active compounds of Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue granule to ameliorate intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing the HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03bab signaling pathway","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316925111","article-title":"JAK\/STAT1 signaling promotes HMGB1 hyperacetylation and nuclear translocation","volume":"111","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000009","article-title":"Clinical evidence and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in major diseases","volume":"1","author":"LUO","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0992-y","article-title":"Colonic epithelial cell diversity in health and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"567","author":"Parikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221080104","article-title":"NF-kB pathway is involved in microscopic colitis pathogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Pisani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147618","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Saez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0027","first-page":"686","article-title":"The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease","volume":"107","author":"Salvo Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000021","article-title":"Huashi Baidu formula alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and acute lung injury in mice by targeting nuclear factor \u03bab\/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and peroxiredoxin 5","volume":"2","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13117","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells: at the interface of the microbiota and mucosal immunity","volume":"158","author":"Soderholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00894-6","article-title":"The multifunctional protein HMGB1: 50 years of discovery","volume":"23","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010110","article-title":"Dissecting the heterogeneity in T-cell mediated inflammation in IBD","volume":"9","author":"Tindemans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments","volume":"45","author":"Wangchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003846","article-title":"NOD2 polymorphisms may direct a Crohn disease phenotype in patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"77","author":"Watson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S375281","article-title":"Integrated metabonomics and network pharmacology to reveal the action mechanism effect of Shaoyao decoction on ulcerative colitis","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0035","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Ligusticum cycloprolactam inhibits IL-1\u03b2-induced apoptosis and inflammation of rat chondrocytes via HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03bab signaling pathway","volume":"49","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003893107","article-title":"A critical cysteine is required for HMGB1 binding to toll-like receptor 4 and activation of macrophage cytokine release","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109148","article-title":"Eupalinolide B attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of NF-\u03bab and MAPKs signaling by targeting TAK1 protein","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0038","article-title":"Roles of macrophages on ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo0789","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo0789","article-title":"Neuroinflammation inhibition by small-molecule targeting USP7 noncatalytic domain for neurodegenerative disease therapy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45885","article-title":"Tight junctions and their regulation by non-coding RNAs","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0041","article-title":"Manipulating microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease treatment: clinical and natural product interventions explored","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5415","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S490679","article-title":"Large Chengqi decoction improves sepsis-related intestinal damage by inhibiting inflammatory response through the HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326004794?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326004794?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:40:38Z","timestamp":1783122038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326004794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0944711326004794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eupalinolide B alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting HMGB1 through modulation of the HMGB1\/TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158245","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158245"}}