{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:09:27Z","timestamp":1787065767429,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SF-ZDCYL-03 - 11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SF-ZDCYL-03 - 11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024CY-JJQ-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009103","name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JR055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JR055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011710","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JC-YBMS-913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBMS-913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011710","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JC-YBMS-923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC-YBMS-923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017605","name":"Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:04:57Z","timestamp":1780013097000},"page":"158367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Discovery of self-assembled nanoparticles from Rubia cordifolia L. before and after carbonization and mechanistic study on their targeted therapy for ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Kangjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runxin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqiong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.01.030","article-title":"The management of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Axelrad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"Berre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207940","article-title":"Mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"388","author":"D\u2019Haens","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0004","first-page":"1945","article-title":"Exploration of correlation between color and component changes during roasting process of Rubiae Radix","volume":"56","author":"Fei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Herb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0005","article-title":"P057 IL-17 regulates expression of chemotactic chemokines in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts","volume":"14","author":"Filidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103268","article-title":"Study on supramolecules in traditional chinese medicine decoction","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15389","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis in adults: a review","volume":"330","author":"Gros","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07742-4","article-title":"Transcription factor ELF-1 protects against colitis by maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11045","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.3c06366","article-title":"The theoretical and experimental insights into the radical scavenging activity of Rubiadin","volume":"127","author":"Hieu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0010","article-title":"Supramolecular assemblies based on natural small molecules: union would be effective","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113471","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analyses of quinones in multi-origin Rubia species by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics","volume":"189","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00764-2","article-title":"Formation of a traditional chinese medicine self-assembly nanostrategy and its application in cancer: a promising treatment","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01734-w","article-title":"Thermodynamics driving phytochemical self-assembly morphological change and efficacy enhancement originated from single and co-decoction of traditional chinese medicine","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01841-1","article-title":"STAT3 blockade ameliorates LPS-induced kidney injury through macrophage-driven inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad212.1324","article-title":"P1194 Single-cell analysis reveals clonal expansions of pro-inflammatory tissue-resident memory Th17 cells in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.117192","article-title":"Enhancing flavonoid enrichment via supramolecular: a study on the material basis of sanguisorbae radix after carbonizing by stir-frying","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0017","article-title":"Colonic submucosa targeted delivery of probiotic and rhein for ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.09.013","article-title":"Carrier-free nanoplatforms from natural plants for enhanced bioactivity","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00345","article-title":"Anthraquinone removal from Cassia obtusifolia seed water extract using baking, stir-frying, and adsorption treatments: effects on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties of polysaccharides, and antioxidant activities of the water extract","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123791","article-title":"Hierarchical arming of probiotics for improved viability to synergistically alleviate ulcerative colitis","volume":"327","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143274","article-title":"Formation of polyphenol-based nanoparticles in dried hawthorn with enhanced cellular absorption over free polyphenols","volume":"310","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11089","article-title":"Orally administrated inflamed colon-targeted nanotherapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment by oxidative stress level modulation in colitis","volume":"17","author":"Min","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS. Nano."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01218-x","article-title":"Type 17 immunity: novel insights into intestinal homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis driven by gut-primed T cells","volume":"21","author":"Ohara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.043","article-title":"Canadian association of gastroenterology clinical practice guideline for the management of Luminal Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Panaccione","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49231-y","article-title":"Proteome allocation is linked to transcriptional regulation through a modularized transcriptome","volume":"15","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50692","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c17827","article-title":"pH\/ROS dual-sensitive natural polysaccharide nanoparticles enhance \u201cone stone four birds\u201d effect of rhein on ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.115381","article-title":"pH-responsive phytochemical hydrogel loaded with antioxidant nanozymes for synergistic ROS scavenging and targeted inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"260","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319211121","article-title":"Species-wide quantitative transcriptomes and proteomes reveal distinct genetic control of gene expression variation in yeast","volume":"121","author":"Teyssonni\u00e8re","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S582","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab076.772","article-title":"P652 Treatment patterns in patients receiving outpatient care for inflammatory bowel disease in Russian Federation","volume":"15","author":"Uspenskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Coliti."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113638","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of twelve quinones from Rubiae radix et Rhizoma before and after carbonization processing by UPLC-MS\/MS and their antithrombotic effect on zebrafish","volume":"191","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153293","article-title":"Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of a novel colon-specific nanosystem loading emodin on DSS-induced experimental colitis","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113475","article-title":"Revealing the mechanisms and the material basis of Rubia cordifolia L. on abnormal uterine bleeding with uniting simultaneous determination of four components and systematic pharmacology approach-experimental validation","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0033","article-title":"Interleukin-22: the hub bridging gut homeostasis and metabolism","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75890","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 potentiates neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury in colitis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.108024","article-title":"Changes in marker secondary metabolites revealed the medicinal parts, harvest time, and possible synthetic sites of Rubia cordifolia L","volume":"203","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0036","article-title":"Accessible and effective nanomedicines: self-assembly products from chinese herbal medicines (CHMs)","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.008","article-title":"Gas-propelled nanomotors alleviate colitis through the regulation of intestinal immunoenvironment-hematopexis-microbiota circuits","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads3530","article-title":"TH17 cells regulate chemokine expression in epithelial cells through C\/ebp\u03b2 and dictate host sensitivity to colitis and cancer immunity","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.049","article-title":"Environmental factors associated with risk of Crohn\u2019s disease development in the Crohn\u2019s and Colitis canada - genetic, Environmental, microbial project","volume":"22","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02434-3","article-title":"Attenuation of inflammatory bowel disease by oral administration of mucoadhesive polydopamine-coated yeast \u03b2-glucan via ROS scavenging and gut microbiota regulation","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130730","article-title":"Color-reflected chemical regulations of the scorched rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) revealed by the integration analysis of visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"367","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S388932","article-title":"The underling mechanisms exploration of rubia cordifolia L. Extract against rheumatoid arthritis by integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics","volume":"17","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"DDDT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0043","article-title":"Heparin-coated albumin nanoparticles for drug combination in targeting inflamed intestine","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.08.028","article-title":"Intestinal barrier in chronic gut and liver diseases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101205","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into honey-boiled detoxification of ChuanWu: a study on alkaloid transformation and supramolecular aggregation","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326005994?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326005994?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:31:26Z","timestamp":1785889886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326005994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0944711326005994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Discovery of self-assembled nanoparticles from Rubia cordifolia L. before and after carbonization and mechanistic study on their targeted therapy for ulcerative colitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158367","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158367"}}