{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:44:22Z","timestamp":1785879862881,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32422069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32422069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T21:55:02Z","timestamp":1782683702000},"page":"158507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Polyphenols extracted from Lycium barbarum seeds regulate gut microbiota to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus in db\/db mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5378-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juntao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongyi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4410-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elt014","article-title":"Gut microbiota and obesity: lessons from the microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Cani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brief Funct. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)30474-0","article-title":"Determination of adipocyte size by computer image analysis","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1486793","article-title":"A systematic review on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Chong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01423","article-title":"A purified anthraquinone-glycoside preparation from rhubarb ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the gut microbiota and reducing inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101969","article-title":"How does quorum sensing of intestinal bacteria affect our health and mental status?","volume":"10","author":"Dicks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18095","article-title":"Predictive metabolomics of multiple atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience","volume":"234","author":"Dussarrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00904","article-title":"An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomic approach to studying the impact of moderate red-wine consumption on urinary metabolome","volume":"17","author":"Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081578","article-title":"Metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analysis of the effect of sporisorium reilianum polysaccharide on improving obesity","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02067-22","article-title":"Mechanism of metabolic response to hepatectomy by integrated analysis of gut microbiota, metabolomics, and proteomics","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0010","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 cell breaking extraction of Lycium barbarum seed oil and determination of its chemical composition by HPLC\/APCI\/MS and antioxidant activity","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.04.004","article-title":"Microbiota metabolism of intestinal amino acids impacts host nutrient homeostasis and physiology","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8090566","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg5 ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.48130\/fia-0025-0020","article-title":"A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds from Lycium seeds: extraction, characterization, bioactivities, and applications","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Innovation Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.117061","article-title":"Analysis on the difference of nutrient components of black wolfberry seed grown in different regions","volume":"221","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NP00007A","article-title":"Natural products from plants targeting key enzymes for the future development of antidiabetic agents","volume":"40","author":"Mata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1712985","article-title":"Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: a population-based study","volume":"11","author":"Moran-Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.145.1.257-265.1981","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: regulation of the utilization of aromatic-amino-acids as sources of nitrogen","volume":"145","author":"Paris","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00300-3","article-title":"Multiomics implicate gut microbiota in altered lipid and energy metabolism in Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0019","first-page":"6","article-title":"Chemical constituents from the leaves of Grewia bulot Gagn. And their cytotoxic activity","volume":"19","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52100-3","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of a phosphotransferase system glucose transporter","volume":"15","author":"Roth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00888-8","article-title":"Hepatic glucose metabolism in the steatotic liver","volume":"21","author":"Scoditti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2431643","article-title":"Probiotic significance of Lactobacillus strains: a comprehensive review on health impacts, research gaps, and future prospects","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(17)60019-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Dis. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250162","article-title":"Morroniside from corni fructus ameliorates type 2 diabetes in mice by regulating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10030119","article-title":"Extensive profiling of polyphenols from two trollius species using a combination of untargeted and targeted approaches","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13219","article-title":"Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation-mediating treatment options (Review)","volume":"29","author":"Varra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13060","article-title":"Exogenous brassinolide treatment regulates phenolic accumulation in mung bean sprouts through the modulation of sugar and energy metabolism","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b06247","article-title":"Polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii tratt fruit attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and regulates colon microbiota in diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144178","article-title":"Gut bacteria and host metabolism: the keys to sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) quality traits","volume":"482","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03061A","article-title":"The dietary supplement Rhodiola crenulata extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation, mediating gut barrier integrity and reshaping the gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.10.010","article-title":"The genus Lycium as food and medicine: a botanical, ethnobotanical and historical review","volume":"212","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813874","article-title":"Polyphenols in plants: structure, biosynthesis, abiotic stress regulation, and practical applications (Review)","volume":"24","author":"Zagoskina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4218","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14482","article-title":"Nuciferine ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet\/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice through a PPARalpha\/PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha pathway","volume":"175","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0330-9","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation improves metabolism and gut microbiome composition in db\/db mice","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.01.030","article-title":"Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids are associated with insulin resistance during pubertal development in girls","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16280","article-title":"Comparison of chemical characterization and oxidative stability of Lycium barbarum seed oils: a comprehensive study based on processing methods","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18414-8","article-title":"Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the premote study)","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114508","article-title":"Comparisons of procyanidins with different low polymerization degrees on prevention of lipid metabolism in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"188","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326007385?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326007385?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:48:28Z","timestamp":1785876508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326007385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0944711326007385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polyphenols extracted from Lycium barbarum seeds regulate gut microbiota to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus in db\/db mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158507","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158507"}}