{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:02:16Z","timestamp":1786114936233,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011516","name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023B0202150001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B0202150001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012576","name":"Major Projects of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B0301030007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32121004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32121004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016691","name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019BT02N054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BT02N054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Key Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A04J6509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A04J6509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:30:53Z","timestamp":1783603853000},"page":"158565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Innovative rhein and hydroxy fatty acid ester prodrugs for the treatment of chronic inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Xin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.04.020","article-title":"Intranasal artesunate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: A convenient alternative to parenteral formulations for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria","volume":"334","author":"Agbo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110594","article-title":"Diacerein: Recent insight into pharmacological activities and molecular pathways","volume":"131","author":"Almezgagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2021.100108","article-title":"Distinct biological activities of isomers from several families of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs)","volume":"62","author":"Aryal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6508","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-024-04875-w","article-title":"Optimal enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolics from leaves of pongamia pinnata via response surface methodology and artificial neural networking","volume":"196","author":"Aziz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib54","first-page":"90","article-title":"Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker-gene amplicon sequences with QIIME 2\u2019s q2-feature-classifier plugin","volume":"6","author":"Bokulich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8703","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01283A","article-title":"Impact ofLycium barbarumarabinogalactan on the fecal metabolome in a DSS-induced chronic colitis mouse model","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127363","article-title":"Identification of rhein as the metabolite responsible for toxicity of rhubarb anthraquinones","volume":"331","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173908","article-title":"A research update on the therapeutic potential of rhein and its derivatives","volume":"899","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7429","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota","volume":"36","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0848-4","article-title":"Aripiprazole lauroxil: a review in schizophrenia","volume":"77","author":"Frampton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02256-9","article-title":"Self-assembly of H2S-responsive nanoprodrugs based on natural rhein and geraniol for targeted therapy against Salmonella Typhimurium","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150711","article-title":"Innovative probiotic Escherichia coli nissle 1917-derived outer membrane vesicles coupled microspheres demonstrate anti-inflammatory and barrier-enhancing properties in colitis","volume":"487","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MD00252H","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of rhein derivatives as anticancer agents","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medchemcomm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.07.053","article-title":"Bone-targeting glycol and NSAIDS ester prodrugs of rhein: synthesis, hydroxyapatite affinity, stability, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenicity index and pharmacokinetics studies","volume":"55","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","article-title":"MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform","volume":"30","author":"Katoh Kazutaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10698","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006956","article-title":"Linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acids are anti-inflammatory lipids found in plants and mammals","volume":"294","author":"Kolar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2019.12.017","article-title":"Towards renewable flavors, fragrances, and beyond","volume":"61","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49514","article-title":"Inhibition of PI3K\/AKT signaling via ROS regulation is involved in Rhein-induced apoptosis and enhancement of oxaliplatin sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117998","article-title":"Calcium pectinate and hyaluronic acid modified lactoferrin nanoparticles loaded rhein with dual-targeting for ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"263","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v50i4.591","article-title":"Polyphyllin I alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and reduces pyroptosis in BEAS-2B and HPAEC cells by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"50","author":"Mao Fangli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139","article-title":"An improved Greengenes taxonomy with explicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria and archaea","volume":"6","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00591-z","article-title":"Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo","volume":"4","author":"Murphy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.06.033","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound attenuates DSS-induced colitis through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","volume":"45","author":"Nunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23182","article-title":"Effect of intestinal first-pass hydrolysis on the oral bioavailability of an ester prodrug of fexofenadine","volume":"101","author":"Ohura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.11.005","article-title":"Exploring foods as natural sources of FAHFAs\u2014a review of occurrence, extraction, analytical techniques and emerging bioactive potential","volume":"129","author":"Olajide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00480","article-title":"Biobased unsaturated polyesters containing castor oil-derived ricinoleic acid and itaconic acid: synthesis, in vitro antibacterial, and cytocompatibility studies","volume":"3","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490","article-title":"FastTree 2--approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments","volume":"5","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50692","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c17827","article-title":"pH\/ROS dual-sensitive natural polysaccharide nanoparticles enhance \"one stone four birds\" effect of rhein on ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acs Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1021\/cr2004212","article-title":"Surface modification using phosphonic acids and esters","volume":"112","author":"Queff\u00e9lec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2178796","article-title":"Inulin increases the beneficial effects of rhubarb supplementation on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice: impact on energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue activity, and microbiota","volume":"15","author":"R\u00e9gnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05800-6","article-title":"Resolution of chronic inflammatory disease: universal and tissue-specific concepts","volume":"9","author":"Schett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00781-3","article-title":"The GAPDH redox switch safeguards reductive capacity and enables survival of stressed tumour cells","volume":"5","author":"Talwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir830","article-title":"Fidaxomicin: a novel macrocyclic antibiotic approved for treatment of clostridium difficile infection","volume":"54","author":"Venugopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6093282","article-title":"Gut microbiota play an essential role in the Antidiabetic effects of Rhein","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid-Based. Compl. Alt."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.37538","article-title":"Kidney-targeted rhein-loaded liponanoparticles for diabetic nephropathy therapy via size control and enhancement of renal cellular uptake","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07568","article-title":"Hydroxytyrosol alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier, and microbiome","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agr. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114651","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of rhein-piperazine-dithiocarbamate hybrids as potential anticancer agents","volume":"241","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114862","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorated complex factor-induced chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice","volume":"163","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10665","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43528","article-title":"Rhein modulates host purine metabolism in the intestine through gut microbiota and ameliorates experimental colitis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.08.004","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of rhein amides as inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption","volume":"123","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101141","article-title":"Phospholipase A2-Mediated preparation of phosphatidylcholine containing ricinoleic acid and its anti-inflammatory effect on murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells","volume":"19","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02397G","article-title":"Combined royal jelly 10-hydroxydecanoic acid and aspirin has a synergistic effect against memory deficit and neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5742","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b01872","article-title":"Metabolic activation of rhein: insights into the potential toxicity induced by rhein-containing herbs","volume":"64","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7559","article-title":"Protective effect of Rhein against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity through regulating renal transporters and Nrf2 pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326007968?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326007968?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T22:45:05Z","timestamp":1785969905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326007968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0944711326007968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innovative rhein and hydroxy fatty acid ester prodrugs for the treatment of chronic inflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158565","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158565"}}