{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:38:18Z","timestamp":1793194698493,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFA1309200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFA1309200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:45:26Z","timestamp":1788795926000},"page":"158786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Traditional Chinese medicine formulation Chang-Kang-Fang restores gut-brain homeostasis in IBS-D via the Lactobacillus johnsonii-indole-3-lactic acid-aryl hydrocarbon receptor\/interleukin-22 axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Fengge","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danmei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinsheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guirong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0150-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinshan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16067","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Bonetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12103","article-title":"The hypersensitivity to colonic distension of IBS patients can be transferred to rats through their fecal microbiota","volume":"25","author":"Crouzet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153345","article-title":"Paeoniflorin modulates gut microbial production of indole-3-lactate and epithelial autophagy to alleviate colitis in mice","volume":"79","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.10.016","article-title":"Herbal formula BaWeiBaiDuSan alleviates polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury via increasing the gut microbiota Lactobacillus johnsonii and regulating macrophage anti-inflammatory activity in mice","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114186","article-title":"Integrating multiple-chromatographic approaches to evaluate chemical consistency of Chang-Kang-Fang preparations from mixed-herb decoction and combined single-herb decoction","volume":"203","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-01123-5","article-title":"Altered metabolome and microbiome features provide clues in understanding irritable bowel syndrome and depression comorbidity","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISMe J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128280","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and the intestinal microbiota: Implications for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"300","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i26.4120","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: Epidemiology, overlap disorders, pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2023001","article-title":"Stress, depression, and hippocampus: from biochemistry to electrophysiology","volume":"42","author":"Idunkova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2145843","article-title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii alleviates colitis by TLR1\/2-STAT3 mediated CD206+ macrophagesIL-10 activation","volume":"14","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105358","article-title":"Berberine improves colitis by triggering AhR activation by microbial tryptophan catabolites","volume":"164","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111727","article-title":"Changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids in IBS patients and effects of different interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1668173","article-title":"The AhR\/IL-22 axis in chronic gut inflammation: unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic prospects","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.778032","article-title":"Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang formula on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in rats with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Ling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527","article-title":"Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.02.045","article-title":"Chemical profiles and pharmacological activities of Chang-Kang-Fang, a multi-herb Chinese medicinal formula, for treating irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"201","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01972-w","article-title":"The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S174982","article-title":"The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00918-20","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCK2677, isolated from mice","volume":"9","author":"O'Flaherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.020","article-title":"Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota transplantation: From microbiome to clinic","volume":"31","author":"Porcari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host. Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154653","article-title":"Exploring the mechanism of Xingpi Capsule in diarrhea predominant-irritable bowel syndrome treatment based on multiomics technology","volume":"111","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2203065","article-title":"Neuroinflammation, microbiota-gut-brain axis, and depression: The vicious circle","volume":"22","author":"Reyes-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2024.102494","article-title":"Host-microbe interactions: communication in the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"80","author":"Shekarabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0024","article-title":"The role of gut-microbiota in the pathophysiology and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Shrestha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0025","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness and mechanism of action of the Chang-Kang-Fang formula combined with bifid triple viable capsules on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1598334","article-title":"Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)","volume":"60","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16058","article-title":"A novel sorbicillinoid compound as a potent anti-inflammation agent through inducing NLRP3 protein degradation","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2019.05.015","article-title":"Gut microbial dysbiosis in the irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.22083","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin on irritable bowel syndrome in rats","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333565","article-title":"Recent advances in clinical practice: mastering the challenge-managing IBS symptoms in IBD","volume":"74","author":"Wellens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183192","article-title":"A new strategy for dietary nutrition to improve intestinal homeostasis in diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome: a perspective on intestinal flora and intestinal epithelial interaction","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155730","article-title":"Narirutin mitigates dextrose sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by modulating intestinal flora","volume":"130","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1187718","article-title":"Berberine influences multiple diseases by modifying gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0034","first-page":"459","article-title":"Deciphering chemical and metabolite profiling of Chang-Kang-Fang by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS and its potential active components identification","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2309032120","article-title":"Bacterial indole-3-lactic acid affects epithelium-macrophage crosstalk to regulate intestinal homeostasis","volume":"120","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01299-23","article-title":"The function of the gut microbiota-bile acid-TGR5 axis in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSystems."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00601-4","article-title":"Berberine alleviates visceral hypersensitivity in rats by altering gut microbiome and suppressing spinal microglial activation","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21752","article-title":"Metabolites of microbiota response to tryptophan and intestinal mucosal immunity: A therapeutic target to control intestinal inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01896-9","article-title":"Bacteroides uniformis degrades \u03b2-glucan to promote Lactobacillus johnsonii improving indole-3-lactic acid levels in alleviating colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101979","article-title":"Paeoniflorin ameliorates depressive behaviors by modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis functions","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118236","article-title":"Chang-Kang-Fang alleviates diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) through inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway","volume":"330","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1508382","article-title":"Unveiling the potential of Lactobacillus johnsonii in digestive diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"57","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326010160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326010160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:11:54Z","timestamp":1793193114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326010160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0944711326010160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Traditional Chinese medicine formulation Chang-Kang-Fang restores gut-brain homeostasis in IBS-D via the Lactobacillus johnsonii-indole-3-lactic acid-aryl hydrocarbon receptor\/interleukin-22 axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158786","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158786"}}