{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:55:34Z","timestamp":1791575734926,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027495","name":"Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212410163018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212410163018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027495","name":"Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212510163013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212510163013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027495","name":"Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212410163006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212410163006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XLYC2203200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019638","name":"Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Bioactivity Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M762167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M762167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:20:18Z","timestamp":1790688018000},"page":"158831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Wei-Tong-Xin decoction targets CD8+ T cell-driven colitis via gut microbiota and linoleic acid modulation: an integrated omics study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingxu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0001","article-title":"Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00684-7","article-title":"Identification of potential immunomodulators from Pulsatilladecoction that act on therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis based on pharmacological activity, absorbed ingredients, and in-silico molecular docking","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2460543","article-title":"Lachnospiraceae-bacterium alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic donor liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Foxo3-Alox15 signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050604","article-title":"Influence of gut microbiota-mediated immune regulation on response to chemotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137062","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive analysis of molecular bases, predictive biomarkers, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options","volume":"25","author":"Diez-Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050559","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids and human health: from metabolic pathways to current therapeutic implications","volume":"14","author":"Facchin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008628","article-title":"Dysregulation of CD4<SUP>+<\/SUP>and CD8<SUP>+<\/SUP>resident memory T, myeloid, and stromal cells in steroid-experienced, checkpoint inhibitor colitis","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. ImmunOther Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117956","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating Th2\/Th1 and Tregs\/Th17 cells balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reshaping gut microbiota","volume":"328","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S509875","article-title":"CD8+T cell-derived perforin exacerbates dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease via \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate suppression in mouse colonic epithelium","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.02.036","article-title":"Perforin generated by CD8+ T cells exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease-induced depression by promoting CXCL9 production in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"169","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01057-x","article-title":"How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01468-9","article-title":"Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis through SHP-1\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01860-7","article-title":"Stem-like T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in humans","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2026.178798","article-title":"Isoalantolactone ameliorates ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota-mediated modulation of intestinal barrier, T cell homeostasis, and metabolite reprogramming","volume":"1020","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115933","article-title":"A network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to investigate the anticancer mechanism and potential active targets of ethanol extract of Wei-Tong-Xin against colorectal cancer through induction of apoptosis via PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"303","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf013","article-title":"Guidance for fecal microbiota transplantation trials in ulcerative colitis: the second ROME consensus conference","author":"Lopetuso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c08301","article-title":"Eurotium cristatum,a probiotic fungus from Fuzhuan brick tea, and its polysaccharides ameliorated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"70","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60150-0","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"380","author":"Ordas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.020","article-title":"Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota From microbiome to clinic","volume":"31","author":"Porcari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host. Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321173","article-title":"Bacteria-derived long chain fatty acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in colitis","volume":"70","author":"Pujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071860","article-title":"Real-world endoscopic and histologic outcomes in ulcerative colitis patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"State","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10453","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S483958","article-title":"Exploring the connections: autophagy, gut microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Subramanian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.169078","article-title":"Linoleic acid, a dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the aetiology of ulcerative colitis: a nested case-control study within a European prospective cohort study","volume":"58","author":"Tjonneland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01750-y","article-title":"Microbiota-derived indoles alleviate intestinal inflammation and modulate microbiome by microbial cross-feeding","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0025","article-title":"Global trends and hotspots of ulcerative colitis based on bibliometric and visual analysis from 1993 to 2022","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16619","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: bridges between diet, gut microbiota, and health","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0028","article-title":"Preventive effects of long-term intake of plant oils with different linoleic acid\/alpha-linolenic acid ratios on acute colitis mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113183","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new way for OVA-induced atopic dermatitis of juvenile mice","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0029","article-title":"Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction regulates Treg\/Th17 balance to ameliorate DSS-induced acute experimental colitis in mice by altering the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12964","article-title":"High-dose wogonin exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by up-regulating effector T cell function and inhibiting Treg cell","volume":"21","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0031","first-page":"1749","article-title":"Integrated strategy for mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San in treating ulcerative colitis based on colonic metabolomics and network pharmacology","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110996","article-title":"Luteolin ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice via suppressing macrophage activation and chemotaxis","volume":"124","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0033","article-title":"The gut microbiome, immune modulation, and cognitive decline: insights on the gut-brain axis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156560","article-title":"Reshaping the gut microbiota: Tangliping decoction and its core blood-absorbed component quercetin improve diabetic cognitive impairment","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116253","article-title":"Wei-Tong-Xin ameliorated cisplatin-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in gastric antral mucosa by activating the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"308","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118875","article-title":"Multi-platform analysis revealed the substance basis and mechanism of Wei-Tong-Xin in ameliorating ENS dysfunction for dyspepsia treatment","volume":"337","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad014","article-title":"Wei-Tong-Xin exerts anti-inflammatory effects through TLR4-mediated macrophages M1\/M2 polarization and affects GLP-1 secretion","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154180","article-title":"Wei-Tong-Xin ameliorates functional dyspepsia via inactivating TLR4\/MyD88 by regulating gut microbial structure and metabolites","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0039","article-title":"Global patterns in the epidemiology, cancer risk, and surgical implications of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0040","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dysmotility predisposes to colitis through regulation of gut microbial composition and linoleic acid metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231176889","article-title":"NOD-like receptors mediate homeostatic intestinal epithelial barrier function: promising therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1389925","article-title":"Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02065-0","article-title":"Edible exosome-like nanoparticles from portulaca oleracea L mitigate DSS-induced colitis via facilitating double-positive CD4+CD8+ T cells expansion","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326010603?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711326010603?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:43:57Z","timestamp":1791575037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711326010603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0944711326010603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wei-Tong-Xin decoction targets CD8+ T cell-driven colitis via gut microbiota and linoleic acid modulation: an integrated omics study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158831","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"158831"}}