{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:44:55Z","timestamp":1792640695527,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,11]],"date-time":"2006-05-11T07:19:17Z","timestamp":1147331957000},"page":"160-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Female odors stimulate CART neurons in the ventral premammillary nucleus of male rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Judney C.","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson C.","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol F.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(03)00103-5","article-title":"Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update","volume":"70","author":"Halpern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901610105","article-title":"The differential projections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb in mammals","volume":"161","author":"Scalia","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903600203","article-title":"Organization of Projections from the medial nucleus of the amygdala: a PHAL study in the rat","volume":"360","author":"Canteras","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162363","article-title":"Strange females increase plasma testosterone levels in male mice","volume":"189","author":"Macrides","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-99-4-963","article-title":"Gonadotropic responses of male mice to female urine","volume":"99","author":"Maruniak","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-101-2-421","article-title":"The influence of mating and related stimuli on plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, and testosterone in the male rat","volume":"101","author":"Kamel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0530063","article-title":"Effect of the odour of female rat urine on plasma testosterone concentrations in male rats","volume":"53","author":"Purvis","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-09-02230.1984","article-title":"Pheromonally induced release of luteinizing hormone in male mice: involvement of the vomeronasal system","volume":"4","author":"Coquelin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90362-8","article-title":"Vomeronasal organ removal before sexual experience impairs male hamster mating behavior","volume":"36","author":"Meredith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90135-6","article-title":"Sexual behavior in the female rat following removal of the vomeronasal organ","volume":"38","author":"Saito","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7261","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07261.1995","article-title":"Integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues is essential for mating in the male Syrian hamster","volume":"15","author":"Wood","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00629-X","article-title":"Integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues is essential for sexual behaviour in the male Syrian hamster: role of the medial amygdaloid nucleus","volume":"78","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940107","article-title":"Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study","volume":"294","author":"Simerly","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib14","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Effect of estradiol implanted in the corticomedial amygdala on the sexual behavior of castrated male rats","volume":"24","author":"Rasia-Filho","year":"1991","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02204-X","article-title":"Estradiol, but not dihydrotestosterone, in the medial amygdala facilitates male hamster sex behavior","volume":"59","author":"Wood","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90437-7","article-title":"Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of electrochemical stimulation of the amygdala on the release of luteinizing hormone","volume":"144","author":"Beltramino","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000124164","article-title":"Ventral premammillary nuclei mediate pheromonal-induced LH release stimuli in the rat","volume":"41","author":"Beltramino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.14.030191.002225","article-title":"Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system: involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00563-K","article-title":"Mating and agonistic behavior produce different patterns of Fos immunolabeling in the male Syrian hamster brain","volume":"66","author":"Kollack-Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00493-9","article-title":"Sex comparison of neuronal Fos immunoreactivity in the rat vomeronasal projection circuit after chemosensory stimulation","volume":"71","author":"Bressler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00160-2","article-title":"Female-soiled bedding induced fos immunoreactivity in the ventral part of the premammillary nucleus (PMv) of the male mouse","volume":"68","author":"Yokosuka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1997.00651.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of novel CART peptides in rat hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland","volume":"9","author":"Koylu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.12.045","article-title":"Hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons project to areas expressing gonadotropin releasing hormone immunoreactivity and to the anteroventral periventricular nucleus in male and female rats","volume":"125","author":"Rondini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue [published erratum appears in Nature 1995 Mar 30;374(6521):479] [see comments]","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.5.1407","article-title":"Clinical review 94: what's in a name? In search of leptin's physiologic role","volume":"83","author":"Flier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.2.839","article-title":"Leptin activates neurons in ventrobasal hypothalamus and brainstem","volume":"138","author":"Elmquist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000724)423:2<261::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Chemical characterization of leptin-activated neurons in the rat brain","volume":"423","author":"Elias","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1085","article-title":"Characterization of CART neurons in the rat and human hypothalamus","volume":"432","author":"Elias","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1590","article-title":"Leptin and metabolic control of reproduction","volume":"37","author":"Schneider","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(01)00138-6","article-title":"Leptin and reproduction","volume":"67","author":"Brann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.741","article-title":"Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei","volume":"95","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02471.1995","article-title":"PCR differential display identifies a rat brain mRNA that is transcriptionally regulated by cocaine and amphetamine","volume":"15","author":"Douglass","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00219-0","article-title":"Implications of immediate\u2013early gene induction in the brain following sexual stimulation of female and male rodents","volume":"44","author":"Pfaus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00972-7","article-title":"Estrous odors and sexually conditioned neutral odors activate separate neural pathways in the male rat","volume":"117","author":"Kippin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00775.x","article-title":"Anatomical markers of activity in neuroendocrine systems: are we all \u2018fos-ed out\u2019?","volume":"14","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980921)399:2<189::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Bidirectional connections of the medial amygdaloid nucleus in the Syrian hamster brain: simultaneous anterograde and retrograde tract tracing","volume":"399","author":"Coolen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.032","article-title":"What is a pheromone? Mammalian pheromones reconsidered","volume":"46","author":"Stowers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903240205","article-title":"Projections of the ventral premammillary nucleus","volume":"324","author":"Canteras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1983)9:1<41::AID-AB2480090106>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"The nucleus premammillaris ventralis (PMV) and aggressive behavior in the rat","volume":"9","author":"van den Berg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.09.041","article-title":"Do similar neural systems subserve aggressive and sexual behaviour in male rats? Insights from c-Fos and pharmacological studies","volume":"526","author":"Veening","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980615)395:4<535::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain","volume":"395","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2000.0197","article-title":"Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems","volume":"21","author":"Ahima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1210\/en.137.7.3144","article-title":"Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system","volume":"137","author":"Barash","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0396-318","article-title":"Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin","volume":"12","author":"Chehab","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.3.1190","article-title":"Leptin treatment rescues the sterility of genetically obese ob\/ob males","volume":"138","author":"Mounzih","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00497.x","article-title":"Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated-transcript peptide mediation of leptin stimulatory effect on the rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Lebrethon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02291-1","article-title":"Appositions between cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript- and gonadotropin releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of the Siberian hamster","volume":"314","author":"Leslie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.09.027","article-title":"Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction","volume":"123","author":"Boehm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.08.039","article-title":"Olfactory inputs to hypothalamic neurons controlling reproduction and fertility","volume":"123","author":"Yoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032_bib50","series-title":"The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938406001375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938406001375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T15:28:35Z","timestamp":1555601315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938406001375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031938406001375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.03.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}