{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:44:44Z","timestamp":1762101884226,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499299200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007234","name":"University of Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007234","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"United Negro College Fund (UNCF)-Merck Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]],"date-time":"2016-07-03T08:10:53Z","timestamp":1467533453000},"page":"43-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Olfactory attractants and parity affect prenatal androgens and territoriality of coyote breeding pairs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Schell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Lonsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Santymire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2005.00962.x","article-title":"Environmental stress, adaptation and evolution: an overview","volume":"18","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12048","article-title":"The ecology of stress: a marriage of disciplines","volume":"27","author":"Boonstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02029.x","article-title":"The ecology of stress: effects of the social environment","volume":"27","author":"Creel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009","article-title":"The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease","volume":"29","author":"Korte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00024-7","article-title":"The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine","volume":"43","author":"McEwen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1644\/BHE-004.1","article-title":"The concept of allostasis: coping with a capricious environment","volume":"86","author":"Wingfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00146-7","article-title":"Hormones as indicators of stress","volume":"23","author":"M\u00f6stl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1343.006","article-title":"Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation","volume":"1046","author":"Touma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02227-3","article-title":"Social dominance and stress hormones","volume":"16","author":"Creel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1644\/BHE-002.1","article-title":"Dominance, aggression, and glucocorticoid levels in social carnivores","volume":"86","author":"Creel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2003.08.007","article-title":"Allostatic load, social status and stress hormones: the costs of social status matter","volume":"67","author":"Goymann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.06.007","article-title":"Stress hormones and mate choice","volume":"23","author":"Husak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01304.x","article-title":"Relating endocrinology, physiology and behaviour using species with alternative mating strategies","volume":"21","author":"Miles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars059","article-title":"Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation","volume":"23","author":"Atwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/czoolo\/56.6.728","article-title":"Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress: converging evidence and hypotheses","volume":"56","author":"Carere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0080","first-page":"1","article-title":"Within-individual correlations reveal link between a behavioral syndrome, condition, and cortisol in free-ranging Belding's ground squirrels","volume":"120","author":"Dosmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.12.026","article-title":"Evidence for a mechanism of phenotypic integration of behaviour and innate immunity in a wild rodent: implications for animal personality and ecological immunology","volume":"101","author":"Dosmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1669","article-title":"Testosterone influences basal metabolic rate in male house sparrows: a new cost of dominance signalling?","volume":"268","author":"Buchanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0095","first-page":"1981","article-title":"Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating","volume":"49","author":"Drea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hung. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650100399","article-title":"Testosterone and sexual signalling in male house sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"50","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.05.004","article-title":"Social correlates of testosterone and ornamentation in male mandrills","volume":"54","author":"Setchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.05.006","article-title":"Effects of social status, age, and season on androgen and cortisol levels in wild male golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)","volume":"49","author":"Bales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-005-0071-2","article-title":"Testosterone predicts future dominance rank and mating activity among male chacma baboons","volume":"59","author":"Beehner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/8.3.298","article-title":"Rank and reproduction in cooperatively breeding African wild dogs: behavioral and endocrine correlates","volume":"8","author":"Creel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.10.004","article-title":"Elevated testosterone levels and social ranks in female rock hyrax","volume":"49","author":"Koren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.00387","article-title":"Testosterone levels in feces predict risk-sensitive foraging in hummingbirds","volume":"45","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Zichinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.02.014","article-title":"Correlated response to selection of testosterone levels and immunocompetence in lines selected for avian personality","volume":"81","author":"van Oers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(90)90038-Y","article-title":"The influence of social and endocrine factors on urine-marking by captive wolves (Canis lupus)","volume":"24","author":"Asa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.11.006","article-title":"A single testosterone pulse rapidly reduces urinary marking behaviour in subordinate, but not dominant, white-footed mice","volume":"100","author":"Fuxjager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1163\/156853905774539454","article-title":"The mix matters: behavioural types and group dynamics in water striders","volume":"142","author":"Sih","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0155","series-title":"Personal. Temperament Nonhum. Primates","first-page":"313","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes: a behavioral ecologist's view on the evolutionary and ecological implications of animal personalities","author":"Sih","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1892","article-title":"Personality-dependent dispersal in the invasive mosquitofish: group composition matters","volume":"278","author":"Cote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2010.10.008","article-title":"Personality predicts social dominance in female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, in a feeding context","volume":"81","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02025.x","article-title":"Consistent individual differences in cooperative behaviour in meerkats (Suricata suricatta)","volume":"23","author":"English","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2003.03.019","article-title":"Social dominance, aggression and faecal glucocorticoid levels in a wild population of wolves, Canis lupus","volume":"67","author":"Sands","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arm144","article-title":"Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1999.98366.x","article-title":"Ecological interactions, social organization, and extinction risk in African wild dogs","volume":"13","author":"Vucetich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2002.2025","article-title":"Behavioural correlations across situations and the evolution of antipredator behaviour in a sunfish\u2013salamander system","volume":"65","author":"Sih","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.05.001","article-title":"Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution","volume":"27","author":"Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.04.003","article-title":"Are animal personality traits linked to life-history productivity?","volume":"23","author":"Biro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0205","article-title":"Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying behavioral stability: implications for the evolutionary origin of personality","volume":"1\u201321","author":"Duckworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12238","article-title":"Density-dependent intraspecific aggression regulates survival in northern Yellowstone wolves (Canis lupus)","volume":"83","author":"Cubaynes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1311:DDPDAP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Density dependence, prey dependence, and population dynamics of martens in Ontario","volume":"80","author":"Fryxell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0220","series-title":"Carniv. Behav. Ecol. Evol.","first-page":"57","article-title":"The role of odor in the social lives of carnivores","author":"Gorman","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21107","article-title":"Using odor cues to elicit a behavioral and hormonal response in zoo-housed African wild dogs","volume":"33","author":"Rafacz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1021\/jf990648z","article-title":"Development and testing of seven new synthetic coyote attractants","volume":"2000","author":"Kimball","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235765","article-title":"Density triggers maternal hormones that increase adaptive offspring growth in a wild mammal","volume":"340","author":"Dantzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x","article-title":"Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes","volume":"15","author":"Sih","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.12.002","article-title":"Do reproduction and parenting influence personality traits? Insights from threespine stickleback","volume":"112","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.07.003","article-title":"Parenting and plasticity","volume":"33","author":"Leuner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2003.09.003","article-title":"Responsiveness of expectant male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, to mate's pregnancy","volume":"45","author":"Ziegler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.08.016","article-title":"The physiology of cooperative breeding in a rare social canid; sex, suppression and pseudopregnancy in female Ethiopian wolves","volume":"122","author":"van Kesteren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003124","article-title":"The determinants of dominance relationships among subordinate females in the cooperatively breeding meerkat","volume":"151","author":"Clutton-Brock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0270","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change","volume":"367","author":"Meylan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.05.018","article-title":"Transmitting biological effects of stress in utero: implications for mother and offspring","volume":"38","author":"Reynolds","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20529","article-title":"Changes in prolactin and glucocorticoid levels in cotton-top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy: the effect of infants and paternal experience","volume":"70","author":"Almond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1108.1","article-title":"The ghosts of predators past: population cycles and the role of maternal programming under fluctuating predation risk","volume":"91","author":"Sheriff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1617","article-title":"Preparental hormone levels and parenting experience in male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus","volume":"38","author":"Ziegler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711219105","article-title":"Paternal effects on offspring fitness in a multimale primate society","volume":"105","author":"Charpentier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.01.022","article-title":"Pair disruption in female zebra finches: consequences for offspring phenotype and sensitivity to a social stressor","volume":"90","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1644\/06-MAMM-A-436R1.1","article-title":"Reproductive biology of the coyote (Canis latrans): integration of mating behavior, reproductive hormones, and vaginal cytology","volume":"89","author":"Carlson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.05.012","article-title":"Influence of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on seasonal reproductive behavior of the coyote (Canis latrans)","volume":"72","author":"Carlson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.05.008","article-title":"Integrity of mating behaviors and seasonal reproduction in coyotes (Canis latrans) following treatment with estradiol benzoate","volume":"117","author":"Carlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.01.010","article-title":"Seasonal variation in serum testosterone, testicular volume, and semen characteristics in the coyote (Canis latrans)","volume":"69","author":"Minter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1139\/z98-128","article-title":"Response of neighboring coyotes (Canis latrans) to social disruption in an adjacent pack","volume":"76","author":"Gese","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1139\/z01-054","article-title":"Territorial defense by coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: who, how, where, when, and why","volume":"79","author":"Gese","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0561","article-title":"Scent-marking by coyotes, Canis latrans: the influence of social and ecological factors","volume":"54","author":"Gese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.06.013","article-title":"Bold, shy, and persistent: variable coyote response to light and sound stimuli","volume":"116","author":"Darrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.03.012","article-title":"Dominance and neophobia in coyote (Canis latrans) breeding pairs","volume":"102","author":"Mettler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-015-0422-z","article-title":"Evaluating behavioral syndromes in coyotes (Canis latrans)","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1644\/13-MAMM-A-001.1","article-title":"Anthropogenic and physiologically induced stress responses in captive coyotes","volume":"94","author":"Schell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1982.tb01087.x","article-title":"Behavioral ecology of coyotes: social organization, rearing patterns, space use, and resource defense","volume":"60","author":"Bekoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z. Tierpsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.68","article-title":"Will an artificial scent boundary prevent coyote intrusion?","volume":"35","author":"Shivik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.06.007","article-title":"The effect of randomly altering the time and location of feeding on the behaviour of captive coyotes (Canis latrans)","volume":"120","author":"Gilbert-Norton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.05.002","article-title":"The effect of early environment on neophobia in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica)","volume":"89","author":"Fox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(90)90037-E","article-title":"Effects of early handling on later behaviour and stress responses in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)","volume":"26","author":"Pedersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20082","article-title":"Species-specific differences and similarities in the behavior of hand-raised dog and wolf pups in social situations with humans","volume":"47","author":"G\u00e1csi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534","article-title":"Observational study of behavior: sampling methods","volume":"49","author":"Altmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.53","article-title":"Fecal genotyping and contaminant analyses reveal variation in individual river otter exposure to localized persistent contaminants","volume":"29","author":"Guertin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20339","article-title":"The effectiveness of indigestible markers for identifying individual animal feces and their prevalence of use in North American zoos","volume":"30","author":"Fuller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1644\/07-MAMM-A-198.1","article-title":"Does spatial structure persist despite resource and population changes? Effects of experimental manipulations on coyotes","volume":"89","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2011.576968","article-title":"Using fecal hormonal and behavioral analyses to evaluate the introduction of two sable antelope at Lincoln Park Zoo","volume":"14","author":"Loeding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2012.00203.x","article-title":"On the use of non-invasive hormone research in uncontrolled, natural environments: the problem with sex, diet, metabolic rate and the individual","volume":"3","author":"Goymann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20248","article-title":"Development of a field-friendly technique for fecal steroid extraction and storage using the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)","volume":"29","author":"Santymire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoo Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21023","article-title":"Hormonal and behavioral variation in pied tamarins housed in different management conditions","volume":"32","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.21994","article-title":"Hormonal correlates of paternal care differences in the Hylobatidae","volume":"74","author":"Rafacz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x","article-title":"Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists","volume":"85","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0440","first-page":"45","article-title":"Consistent individual differences in paternal behavior: a field study of threespined stickleback","volume":"58","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.10.018","article-title":"The relationship between personality and plasticity in tree swallow aggression and the consequences for reproductive success","volume":"83","author":"Betini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2012.06.001","article-title":"Personality and plasticity: temporal behavioural reaction norms in a lizard, the Namibian rock agama","volume":"84","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"year":"2016","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0455"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0460","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B. lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes 2012: R package version 0.999999-0."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB. lmerTest: test for random and fixed effects for linear mixed models (lmer objects of lme4 package) 2013:R package version 1.2-0.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.lmerTest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0470","unstructured":"Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Core Team. nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models 2016: R package version 3.1-126."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0475","unstructured":"Wei T. corrplot: visualization of a correlation matrix 2013: R package version 0.73."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00110.x","article-title":"Scent-marking and territorial behaviour of Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis","volume":"245","author":"Sillero-Zubiri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1139\/z98-038","article-title":"Howling by coyotes (Canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes","volume":"76","author":"Gese","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0490","series-title":"Urban Carniv. Ecol. Conflict, Conserv.","first-page":"79","article-title":"Coyotes (Canis latrans)","author":"Gehrt","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.07.016","article-title":"Sex, stress and social status: patterns in fecal testosterone and glucocorticoid metabolites in male Ethiopian wolves","volume":"179","author":"Van Kesteren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0500","series-title":"Selected Parameters of the Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology of Coyotes. Coyotes Southwest A Compend. Our Knowl.","first-page":"12","author":"Amoss","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1139\/z82-227","article-title":"The social system of the coyote (Canis latrans) in a forested habitat","volume":"60","author":"Messier","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.028","article-title":"Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch","volume":"124","author":"Concannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.09.035","article-title":"Late pregnancy glucocorticoid levels predict responsiveness in wild baboon mothers (Papio cynocephalus)","volume":"75","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.03.002","article-title":"Characterizing gonadal and adrenal activity by fecal steroid analyses in pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis)","volume":"171","author":"Scarlata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20920","article-title":"Variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmoset","volume":"21","author":"Ziegler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0530","article-title":"The \u201cchallenge hypothesis\u201d: theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies","volume":"829\u201346","author":"Wingfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.01.007","article-title":"Distinguishing seasonal androgen responses from male-male androgen responsiveness-revisiting the challenge hypothesis","volume":"51","author":"Goymann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2005.00962.x","article-title":"Pairs of extreme avian personalities have highest reproductive success","volume":"74","author":"Both","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2010.12.006","article-title":"Pairs of zebra finches with similar \u201cpersonalities\u201d make better parents","volume":"81","author":"Schuett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2001.1699","article-title":"Hormonal changes in mammalian fathers","volume":"40","author":"Wynne-Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04540","article-title":"Rank-related maternal effects of androgens on behaviour in wild spotted hyaenas","volume":"440","author":"Dloniak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01246.x","article-title":"Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time-scales","volume":"21","author":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2007.0030-1299.16203.x","article-title":"When is a maternal effect adaptive?","volume":"116","author":"Marshall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.04.005","article-title":"Developmental plasticity and the evolution of parental effects","volume":"23","author":"Uller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416304814?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416304814?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:01:46Z","timestamp":1758477706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938416304814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S0031938416304814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-9384"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Olfactory attractants and parity affect prenatal androgens and territoriality of coyote breeding pairs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}