{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:10:40Z","timestamp":1790856640527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]],"date-time":"2017-04-22T06:15:28Z","timestamp":1492841728000},"page":"297-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pica Practices among Apparently Healthy Women and Their Young Children in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"B.A.Z.","family":"Abu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.L.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Raubenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.J.","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0005","series-title":"Impact of an Education Intervention Addressing Known Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Among Mothers and Their Young Children in Northern Ghana","author":"Abu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.02.008","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for anemia in pregnant women of eastern Sudan","volume":"99","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0015","series-title":"Nutritional Anemia","first-page":"19","article-title":"The economics of addressing nutritional anemia","author":"Alderman","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0020","first-page":"179","article-title":"Pica in children","volume":"3","author":"Al-Sawaf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Iraq J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.1950","article-title":"Nutritional factors and infectious disease contribute to anemia among pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus in Tanzania","volume":"130","author":"Antelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.6.776","article-title":"Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without concurrent anemia in population groups with high prevalences of malaria and other infections a study in Cote d'Ivoire","volume":"74","author":"Asobayire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00333.x","article-title":"The role and influence of grandmothers on child nutrition: culturally designated advisors and caregivers","volume":"8","author":"Aubel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0040","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pica associated with iron deficiency or depletion: clinical and laboratory correlates in 262 non-pregnant adult outpatients","volume":"10","author":"Barton","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioMed. Central Blood Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0045","first-page":"144","article-title":"Pica as a culture bond syndrome Newer Development","volume":"17","author":"Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Delhi Psychiatr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0050","series-title":"Goldman's Cecil Medicine","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Approach to the Anemias","author":"Bunn","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.04.019","article-title":"Safety assessment of kola nut extract as a food ingredient","volume":"47","author":"Burdock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cesar GV, Linda A, Caroline F, Pedro CH, Reynaldo M, Linda R et al., for the Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group. 2008. Maternal and child undernutrition 2; maternal and child under nutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet, 371:340\u201357.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0065","first-page":"234","article-title":"Pagophagia when ice is not available\u2014drinks cold water","volume":"98","author":"Marius","year":"2008","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1047","article-title":"Iron homeostasis in the neonate","volume":"123","author":"Collard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2008.06.001","article-title":"Review of nutrition education research in the journal of nutrition education and behavior, 1998\u20132007","volume":"40","author":"Contento","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2007.00092.x","article-title":"Does birth spacing affect maternal or child nutritional status? A systematic literature review","volume":"3","author":"Dewey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4314\/bcse.v26i3.6","article-title":"Mineralogical and particulate morphological characterization of geophagic clayey soils from Botswana","volume":"26","author":"Ekosse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0085","first-page":"207","article-title":"Pica: are you hungry for facts?","volume":"61","author":"Federman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0090","series-title":"Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2007","author":"Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0095","series-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","article-title":"Developmental potential in the first 5 years for child in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.04.023","article-title":"The potential impact of soil ingestion on human mineral nutrition","volume":"333","author":"Hooda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020542810334","article-title":"The potential impact of geophagia on the bioavailability of iron, zinc and calcium in human nutrition","volume":"24","author":"Hooda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0115","series-title":"Hematology and Oncology","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Anemia, polycythemia, and white blood cell disorders","author":"Janz","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325","article-title":"A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010","volume":"123","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.36","article-title":"Geophagy (soil- eating) in Relation to Anemia and Helminth Infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania","volume":"80","author":"Kawai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0130","first-page":"8","article-title":"The scourge of \u201chidden hunger\u201d: global dimensions of micronutrient deficiencies","volume":"32","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Agric."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0135","first-page":"358","article-title":"Practices and nutrient intakes of pregnant women in Accra, Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Koryo-Dabrah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0140","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","article-title":"Newborn survival","author":"Lawn","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2004.01.009","article-title":"Geophagy among pregnant and lactating women in Bondo District, western Kenya","volume":"98","author":"Luoba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0150","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Pica and food craving in adult patients with iron deficiency in Bloemfontein, South Africa","volume":"97","author":"Louw","year":"2007","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22598","article-title":"A meta-analysis of pica and micronutrient status","volume":"27","author":"Miao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0160","series-title":"Nutritional Anemia","first-page":"1","article-title":"World-wide prevalence of anemia in pre-school aged children, pregnant women and non-pregnant women of reproductive age","author":"McLean","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2010.09.004","article-title":"Pica practice among pregnant women in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Mensah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0170","first-page":"473","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia and pica","volume":"70","author":"Mokhobo","year":"1986","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688407701216","article-title":"Pica","volume":"77","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v85i2.9609","article-title":"Pica practices of pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"85","author":"Ngozi","year":"2008","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0185","first-page":"29","article-title":"Food cravings, aversions and pica among pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Nyaruhucha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tanzania J. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0190","first-page":"116","article-title":"Energy drinks and the neurophysiological impact of caffeine","volume":"5","author":"Persad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(98)00069-8","article-title":"Pica practices of pregnant women are associated with lower maternal hemoglobin level at delivery","volume":"98","author":"Rainville","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90413-X","article-title":"Geophagy and its associations with geohelminth infection in rural school children from Northern KwaZulu-natal, South Africa","volume":"96","author":"Saathoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0205","series-title":"Krause\u2019s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy","first-page":"489","article-title":"Intervention: counselling for change","author":"Snetselaar","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02748585","article-title":"Pica in children","volume":"53","author":"Tamer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian J. Paediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0215","first-page":"77","article-title":"Microbiological characterization of dry white clay, a pica element in Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Tano-Debrah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rep. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0220","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pica practice among pregnant Ghanaians: relationship with infant birth-weight and maternal haemoglobin level","volume":"33","author":"Tayie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ghana Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0225","first-page":"7157","article-title":"Geophagia clay soil as a source of mineral nutrients and toxicants","volume":"13","author":"Tayie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Food Agric. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0230","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Anemia in pregnant women in eastern Caprivi, Namibia","volume":"87","author":"Thomson","year":"1997","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0235","unstructured":"Twenefour, D. 1999. A Study of Clay Eating Among Lactating and Pregnant Women and Associated Motives and Effects. A B.Sc. Dissertation, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2307\/3772799","article-title":"Geophagy among the Ewe of Ghana","volume":"10","author":"Vermeer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ethnology"},{"issue":"4687","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3969552","article-title":"Nigerian geophagical clay: a tradition antidiarrheal pharmaceutical","volume":"227","author":"Vermeer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0250","first-page":"76","article-title":"Child growth standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","author":"World Health Organsation (WHO)","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0255","article-title":"Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry","author":"World Health Organsation (WHO)","year":"1995"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.04.001","article-title":"Assessment, behavioral treatment, and prevention of pica: Clinical guidelines and recommendations for practitioners","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0265","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 2001. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva (Distributed no. 01.3) (Online). Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/wormcontrol\/documents\/en\/Controlling%20Helminths.pdf. (Accessed: 06 July 2011)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104713","article-title":"Pica in pregnancy: new ideas about an old condition","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0442","article-title":"Association of pica with anemia and gastrointestinal distress among pregnant women in Zanzibar, Tanzania","volume":"83","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416310095?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416310095?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T12:29:51Z","timestamp":1569068991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938416310095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0031938416310095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pica Practices among Apparently Healthy Women and Their Young Children in Ghana","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}