{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:28:23Z","timestamp":1787902103564,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]],"date-time":"2017-07-12T22:00:40Z","timestamp":1499896840000},"page":"401-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Silymarin ameliorates experimentally induced depressive like behavior in rats: Involvement of hippocampal BDNF signaling, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Vishnu N.","family":"Thakare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Aswar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh P.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh R.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhoomika M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0005","first-page":"4","article-title":"The burden of depression and anxiety in general medicine","volume":"62","author":"Lecrubier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0010","series-title":"Injuries. and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020","article-title":"The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191","article-title":"The effects of stressful life events on depression","volume":"48","author":"Kessler","year":"1969","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057826","article-title":"Childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms increase the risk of cognitive impairment in a sample of former indentured child laborers in old age","volume":"8","author":"Burri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.11.009","article-title":"The antidepressant-like effect of Hedyosmumbrasiliense and its sesquiterpenelactone. Podoandin in mice: evidence for the involvement of adrenergic dopaminergic and serotonergic systems","volume":"674","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.10.024","article-title":"Folic acid prevents depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance induced by restraint stress in mice","volume":"240","author":"Budni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.12.012","article-title":"Agmatine abolishes restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance in mice","volume":"50","author":"Freitas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.010","article-title":"The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:1:011","article-title":"Role of neurotrophic factors in the etiology and treatment of mood disorders","volume":"5","author":"Duman","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00181-1","article-title":"Alterations of serum levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depressed patients with or without antidepressants","volume":"54","author":"Shimizu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.07.042","article-title":"Hesperidin reverses cognitive and depressive disturbances induced by olfactory bulbectomy in mice by modulating hippocampal neurotrophins and cytokine levels and acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"789","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000107420","article-title":"Effect of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on behavioural and immune changes in an olfactory bulbectomised rat model of depression","volume":"14","author":"Myint","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-009-9237-5","article-title":"Silibinin ameliorates oxidative stress induced aberrant crypt foci and lipid peroxidation in 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon cancer","volume":"28","author":"Sangeetha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.02.005","article-title":"Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"14","author":"Nencini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.07.030","article-title":"Effect of silymarin on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in aged and young rat brain","volume":"47","author":"Galhardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.05.020","article-title":"Amelioration of cognitive, motor and endogenous defense functions with silymarin, piracetam and protocatechuic acid in the cerebral global ischemic rat model","volume":"93","author":"Muley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.05.004","article-title":"Silymarin improves the behavioural, biochemical and histoarchitecture alterations in focal ischemic rats: comparative evaluation with piracetam and protocatachuic acid","volume":"102","author":"Muley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2016.06.002","article-title":"Potential antidepressant-like activity of silymarin in the acute restraint stress in mice: modulation of corticosterone and oxidative stress response in cerebral cortex and hippocampus","volume":"68","author":"Thakare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200490519712","article-title":"Alterations in regional brain neurotransmitters by Silymarin. A natural antioxidant flavonoid mixture in BALB\/c mice","volume":"42","author":"Osuchowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2014.02.009","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of silymarin in a MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"319","author":"Perez-H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible involvement of nitric oxide in antidepressant-like effect of silymarin in male mice","volume":"28","author":"Khoshnoodi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(90)90043-2","article-title":"Effects of psychotropic drugs on the behavior and neurochemistry of olfactory bulbectomised rats","volume":"47","author":"Van Reizen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0115","first-page":"327","article-title":"Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants","volume":"229","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1996.tb00259.x","article-title":"Effect of perinatal lead exposure on rat behaviour in open-field and two-way avoidance tasks","volume":"79","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay of lipid peroxide in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalse in vitro","volume":"105","author":"Aebi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Ebnzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","article-title":"Tissue sulfhydryl groups","volume":"82","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90426-X","article-title":"A rapid simplified procedure for simultaneous assay of norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from discrete brain areas","volume":"39","author":"Kent Shellenberger","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.03.017","article-title":"Involvement of serotonergic system in the antidepressant like effect of piperine","volume":"35","author":"Mao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-001-0926-9","article-title":"Difference in serotonergic and noradrenergic regulation of human social behaviors","volume":"159","author":"Tse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0155","first-page":"4","article-title":"Relationship of neurotransmitters to the symptoms of major depressive disorder","volume":"69","author":"Nutt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.02.026","article-title":"Long term treatment with peony glycosides reverse chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior via increasing expression of neurotrophins in rat brain","volume":"210","author":"Mao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.02.037","article-title":"Panax quinquefolium involves nitric oxide pathway in olfactory bulbectomy rat model","volume":"129","author":"Rinwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.11.015","article-title":"Neuroimmune mechanisms of cytokine-induced depression. Current theories and novel treatment strategies","volume":"37","author":"Loftisa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.003","article-title":"Cytokines and major depression","volume":"29","author":"Schiepers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.018","article-title":"Depressive-like behavior induced by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in mice","volume":"62","author":"Kaster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.11.044","article-title":"Imipramine reverses alterations in cytokines and BDNF levels induced by maternal deprivation in adult rats","volume":"242","author":"Reus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.02.011","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and cytokine profile of chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia","volume":"84","author":"Grippo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol.Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.07.009","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of curcumin in chronic mild stress of rats: involvement of its anti-inflammatory action","volume":"47","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.034","article-title":"Hippocampal neurogenesis dysfunction linked to depressive-like behaviors in a neuroinflammation induced model of depression","volume":"161","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.06.006","article-title":"The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments","volume":"31","author":"Pariante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(77)90222-0","article-title":"Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat","volume":"19","author":"Cairncross","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.01.076","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture on chronic corticosterone-induced depression-like behavior and expression of neuropeptide Y in the rats","volume":"453","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0220","first-page":"123","article-title":"Melatonin treatment mimics the antidepressant action in chronic corticosterone-treated mice","volume":"49","author":"Crupi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.02.017","article-title":"Type 4 phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor, rolipram rescues behavioral deficits in olfactory bulbectomy models of depression: involvement of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cAMP signaling aspects and antioxidant defense system","volume":"132","author":"Jindal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931684","article-title":"Mu\u00f1oz, et al.Olfactory bulbectomy induced oxidative and cell damage in rat: protective effect of melatonin","volume":"59","author":"Tasset","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00199-3","article-title":"Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: alterations by antidepressant treatments","volume":"64","author":"Bilici","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010_bb0240","first-page":"441","article-title":"Effect of 17beta-estradiol on olfactory bulbectomy-induced oxidative stress and behavioral changes in rats","volume":"4","author":"Tasset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416307387?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938416307387?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T21:21:57Z","timestamp":1659216117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938416307387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0031938416307387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Silymarin ameliorates experimentally induced depressive like behavior in rats: Involvement of hippocampal BDNF signaling, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}