{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1788404141995,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland (Rafa\u0142 Stryjek","award":["UMO-2013\/09\/B\/HS6\/03435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2013\/09\/B\/HS6\/03435"]}]},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences","award":["FKZ: 1211080005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ: 1211080005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T10:42:20Z","timestamp":1528540940000},"page":"341-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predator odor induced defensive behavior in wild and laboratory rats: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Silke","family":"Storsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Stryjek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Modli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Gottswinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"D'Hanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kr\u00f6ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin E.A.","family":"Wernecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Roskoden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Fendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.05.005","article-title":"The effects of predator odors in mammalian prey species: a review of field and laboratory studies","volume":"29","author":"Apfelbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.03.047","article-title":"Immediate early gene and neuropeptide expression following exposure to the predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT)","volume":"248","author":"Asok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6773(75)91852-0","article-title":"Peripheral anosmia and the discrimination of poisoned food by Rattus rattus L","volume":"13","author":"Barnett","year":"1975","journal-title":"Behav. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1958.tb00657.x","article-title":"Experiments on \u201cneophobia\u201d in wild and laboratory rats","volume":"49","author":"Barnett","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(77)90113-0","article-title":"Attack and defensive behaviour in the albino rat","volume":"25","author":"Blanchard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00508-8","article-title":"Behavioral and endocrine change following chronic predatory stress","volume":"63","author":"Blanchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2011.06.006","article-title":"Behavioral responses to physical vs. social novelty in male and female laboratory rats","volume":"88","author":"Cavigelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12093","article-title":"A behavioral comparison of the common laboratory rat strains Lister hooded, Lewis, Fischer 344 and Wistar in an automated homecage system","volume":"13","author":"Clemens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(79)92563-9","article-title":"Grooming in the Norway rat: displacement activity or \"boundary-shift\"?","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.079","article-title":"The pattern of brain c-fos mRNA induced by a component of fox odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), in rats, suggests both systemic and processive stress characteristics","volume":"1025","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00150-6","article-title":"\u2018When a rat smells a cat\u2019: the distribution of Fos immunoreactivity in rat brain following exposure to a predatory odor","volume":"104","author":"Dielenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.4.1004","article-title":"2005. Behavioral changes induced in rats by exposure to trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox odor","volume":"119","author":"Endres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.028498","article-title":"Aversion- vs fear-inducing properties of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline, a component of fox odor, in comparison with those of butyric acid","volume":"212","author":"Endres","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.018","article-title":"TMT-induced autonomic and behavioral changes and the neural basis of its processing","volume":"29","author":"Fendt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.05.010","article-title":"2,3,5-Trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT), a component of fox odor - just repugnant or really fear-inducing?","volume":"32","author":"Fendt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11235","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103317108","article-title":"Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey","volume":"108","author":"Ferrero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22745","article-title":"Of pheromones and kairomones: what receptors mediate innate emotional responses?","volume":"296","author":"Fortes-Marco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1105","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00529.2012","article-title":"2013. Effects of prolonged exendin-4 administration on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and water balance","volume":"304","author":"Gil-Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.10.014","article-title":"2013. Comparison between low doses of TMT and cat odor exposure in anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in mice","volume":"238","author":"Hacquemand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1975.tb10246.x","article-title":"The quantification of kanamycin ototoxicity in the rat using conditioned tone discrimination","volume":"27","author":"Harpur","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0105","series-title":"History, Strains and Models (The Laboratory rat, ISBN: 978-0-12-426400-7)","author":"Hedrich","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/h0035285","article-title":"Domestication, sophistication, and avoidance in Norway rats","volume":"84","author":"Hughes","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076214","article-title":"Early experience in domestication","volume":"88","author":"Hughes","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.10.001","article-title":"2005. The grooming analysis algorithm discriminates between different levels of anxiety in rats: potential utility for neurobehavioural stress research","volume":"143","author":"Kalueff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.11.006","article-title":"2005. Detecting danger--or just another odorant? Olfactory sensitivity for the fox odor component 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in four species of mammals","volume":"84","author":"Laska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjv032","article-title":"2015. Olfactory discrimination learning in an outbred and an inbred strain of mice","volume":"40","author":"Laska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026726","article-title":"The albino rat: a defensible choice or a bad habit?","volume":"23","author":"Lockard","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.12.005","article-title":"Food neophobia in wild and laboratory rats (multi-strain comparison)","volume":"113","author":"Modlinska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02174-0","article-title":"The predator odor, TMT, displays a unique, stress-like pattern of dopaminergic and endocrinological activation in the rat","volume":"864","author":"Morrow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0150","series-title":"Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) - Wanderratte: Handbuch der S\u00e4ugetiere Europas Band 1, Rodentia I","author":"Becker","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.03.026","article-title":"Innate predator odor aversion driven by parallel olfactory subsystems that converge in the ventromedial hypothalamus","volume":"25","author":"P\u00e9rez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199903170-00021","article-title":"Brief predator odour exposure activates the HPA axis independent of locomotor changes","volume":"10","author":"Perrot-Sinal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(03)00032-9","article-title":"The roman high- and low-avoidance rats respond differently to novelty in a familiarized environment","volume":"63","author":"Pisula","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.46867\/C47K5F","article-title":"Temporal Characteristics of Grooming in an Open Field in Two Strains of Rats","volume":"9","author":"Pleskacheva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J Comp. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043834","article-title":"Rats, man, and the welfare state","volume":"14","author":"Richter","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.2.290","article-title":"Not all rat strains are equal: differential unconditioned fear responses to the synthetic fox odor 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in three outbred rat strains","volume":"120","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjw015","article-title":"2016. Behavioral responses of CD-1 mice to six predator odor components","volume":"41","author":"Sievert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.04.011","article-title":"Defensive responses of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats to cat odour and TMT","volume":"172","author":"Staples","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0195","first-page":"195","article-title":"Warsaw wild captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - establishing a breeding colony of Norway rat in captivity","volume":"39","author":"Stryjek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pol. Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040642","article-title":"Species specific behavioural patterns (digging and swimming) and reaction to novel objects in wild type, Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Brown Norway rats","volume":"7","author":"Stryjek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(82)90052-3","article-title":"Attack and defense in laboratory and wild Norway and black rats","volume":"7","author":"Takahashi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1297","article-title":"Exposure to fox odor inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats via an adrenal hormone-dependent mechanism","volume":"437","author":"Tanapat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2010.12.018","article-title":"Response to novel object in Wistar and wild-type (WWCPS) rats","volume":"86","author":"Tana\u015b","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0220","author":"The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.04.010","article-title":"Acute exposure to predator odor elicits a robust increase in corticosterone and a decrease in activity without altering proliferation in the adult rat hippocampus","volume":"201","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0230","unstructured":"Velaz. 2013. Lister hooded. http:\/\/www.velaz.cz\/en\/product\/lister-hooded\/ Accessed 2017 Oct 30."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987509","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat","volume":"10","author":"Vernet-Maury","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.05.053","article-title":"Habenula and interpeduncular nucleus differentially modulate predator odor-induced innate fear behavior in rats","volume":"332","author":"Vincenz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.114.5.912","article-title":"Predator odor as an unconditioned fear stimulus in rats: elicitation of freezing by trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces","volume":"114","author":"Wallace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00056-0","article-title":"1998. Effect of prenatal stress on plasma corticosterone and catecholamines in response to footshock in rats","volume":"64","author":"Weinstock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.11.020","article-title":"Fox urine exposure induces avoidance behavior in rats and activates the amygdalar olfactory cortex","volume":"279","author":"Wernecke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00343-8","article-title":"Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology","volume":"61","author":"Lang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938418303263?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938418303263?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:08:16Z","timestamp":1758478096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938418303263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0031938418303263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predator odor induced defensive behavior in wild and laboratory rats: A comparative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}