{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:29:10Z","timestamp":1791048550987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":315,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21TW011377\\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21TW011377\\u201302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3UL1TR003017\\u201302S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3UL1TR003017\\u201302S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1019852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1019852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEN04708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEN04708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005262","name":"National Center for Health Statistics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005262","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T05:15:57Z","timestamp":1628399757000},"page":"113554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013\u20132014 national health and nutrition examination survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Berube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie B.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shristi","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Cornelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1020","article-title":"Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations","volume":"37","author":"InterAct","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.984","article-title":"Trends in the association between smoking history and general\/central obesity in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003)","volume":"34","author":"Garcia Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004899","article-title":"Moshammer, H. cross-sectional association between cigarette smoking and abdominal obesity among Austrian bank employees","volume":"4","author":"de Oliveira Fontes Gasperin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060166","article-title":"Lifestyles and risk factors associated with adherence to the mediterranean diet: a baseline assessment of the predimed trial","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.08.013","article-title":"Smoking status is inversely associated with overall diet quality: findings from the ORISCAV-LUX study","volume":"36","author":"Alkerwi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5248-5","article-title":"More to gain: dietary energy density is related to smoking status in US adults","volume":"18","author":"MacLean","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148563","article-title":"Heavy smoking Is more strongly associated with general unhealthy lifestyle than obesity and underweight","volume":"11","author":"Lohse","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000577","article-title":"What Aristotle didn't know about flavor","volume":"74","author":"Bartoshuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9377-9","article-title":"Oral sensory nerve damage: causes and consequences","volume":"17","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.05.005","article-title":"Taste phenotype associates with cardiovascular disease risk factors via diet quality in multivariate modeling","volume":"194","author":"Sharafi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21785","article-title":"Structural equation modeling of associations among taste-related risk factors, taste functioning, and adiposity","volume":"25","author":"Rawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000610","article-title":"Time to first cigarette: A potential clinical screening tool for nicotine dependence","volume":"14","author":"Branstetter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts189","article-title":"Time to first cigarette and serum cotinine levels in adolescent smokers: National health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2010","volume":"15","author":"Branstetter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glennon, S.-.G., Huedo-Medina, T., Rawal, S., Hoffman, H., Litt, M.D., Duffy, V. Chronic cigarette smoking associates directly and indirectly with self-reported olfactory alterations: Analysis of the 2011\u20132014 National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) nicotine & tobacco research. 2019,21:818\u201327.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx242"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.04.053","article-title":"Long-term effects of nicotine on rat fungiform taste buds","volume":"147","author":"Tomassini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt033","article-title":"Factors related to fungiform papillae density: The beaver dam offspring study","volume":"38","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-9-9","article-title":"Evaluation of young smokers and non-smokers with electrogustometry and contact endoscopy","volume":"9","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.9.1277","article-title":"Smoking, alcohol consumption, and susceptibility to the common cold","volume":"83","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-4-12","article-title":"Tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection","volume":"4","author":"Bagaitkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0021","article-title":"Association of the time to first cigarette and the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in chinese elderly population","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20970.x","article-title":"Robust across the age span?","volume":"561","author":"Bartoshuk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0023","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effect of long-term smoking on whole-mouth salivary flow rate and oral health","volume":"4","author":"Rad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0024","first-page":"211","article-title":"Association of xerostomia and assessment of salivary flow using modified schirmer test among smokers and healthy individuals: A preliminary study","volume":"8","author":"Dyasanoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5223.384","article-title":"Taste perception in smokers and non-smokers","volume":"1","author":"Krut","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00519.x","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking and family history of alcoholism on sweet taste perception and food cravings in women","volume":"31","author":"Pepino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345670460041901","article-title":"Heavy smoking and sodium chloride hypogeusia","volume":"46","author":"Jackson","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3003-9","article-title":"Changes in electrogustometry thresholds, tongue tip vascularization, density and form of the fungiform papillae in smokers","volume":"271","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0029","article-title":"Comparison of taste threshold in smokers and non-smokers using electrogustometry and fungiform papillae count: A case control study","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-017-0120-4","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoke on gustatory sensitivity, evaluation of the deficit and of the recovery time-course after smoking cessation","volume":"15","author":"Cheruel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu281","article-title":"Relationships of PROP taste Phenotype, Taste Receptor Genotype, and Oral Nicotine Replacement Use","volume":"17","author":"Ahijevych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204089","article-title":"Taste thresholds in college-age smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"18","author":"McBurney","year":"1975","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0033","first-page":"143","article-title":"Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk, A. taste perception of cigarette smokers","volume":"57","author":"Gromysz-Kalkowska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska.Sectio D: Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5357\/koubyou.71and72.28","article-title":"A study of measurements of and factors influencing threshold levels of taste perception","volume":"72","author":"Sawada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kokubyo Gakkai zasshi.The Journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.12.017","article-title":"Heightened olfactory dysfunction and oral irritation among chronic smokers and heightened propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness among menthol smokers","volume":"15","author":"Duffy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjy053","article-title":"Self-reported smoking status, TAS2R38 variants, and propylthiouracil phenotype: an exploratory crowdsourced cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0037","first-page":"151","article-title":"Taste thresholds, cigarette smoking, and food dislikes","volume":"210","author":"Fischer","year":"1963","journal-title":"Med Exp Int J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1038\/2021366a0","article-title":"Taste thresholds for bitterness and cigarette smoking","volume":"202","author":"Kaplan","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500330209","article-title":"Associations between phenylthiocarbamide gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking","volume":"7","author":"Cannon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.057844","article-title":"Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans","volume":"45","author":"Mangold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164157","article-title":"Genetic variation in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor and smoking behaviors","volume":"11","author":"Risso","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv042","article-title":"Genetic vulnerability to menthol cigarette preference in women","volume":"17","author":"Oncken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0043","first-page":"279","article-title":"How menthol alters tobacco-smoking behavior: A biological perspective","volume":"88","author":"Wickham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4987-z","article-title":"Menthol cigarettes and the public health standard: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Villanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0045","article-title":"Trends in prevalence and sociodemographic and geographic patterns of current menthol cigarette use among U.S. adults, 2005-2015","volume":"20","author":"Mattingly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9364-1","article-title":"New chemosensory component to the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt063","article-title":"Racial disparities in olfactory loss among older adults in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjv057","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported smell and taste alterations: Results from the 2011-2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","volume":"41","author":"Rawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112702","article-title":"Associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures: Findings from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","volume":"215","author":"Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0050","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. NCHS research ethics review board (ERB) approval - continuation of protocol #2011-17. 2011. Available online (https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/irba98.htm); accessed on July 30, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0051","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) taste and smell examination component manual [Internet]","year":"2013","journal-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-015-9194-7","article-title":"The taste and smell protocol in the 2011-2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Test-retest reliability and validity testing","volume":"8","author":"Rawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosens Percept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.033","article-title":"Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: the gLMS versus magnitude matching","volume":"82","author":"Bartoshuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2012.07.012","article-title":"Direct comparison of the generalized visual Analog Scale (gVAS) and general labeled magnitude scale (gLMS)","volume":"28","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Qual Prefer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0055","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 2011 - 2012 Data documentation, codebook, and frequencies: Smoking - cigarette use. Available online (https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2013-2014\/SMQ_H.htm); accessed July 30, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0056","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Biomonitoring summary- cotinine. 2013. Available online (https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/biomonitoring\/Cotinine_BiomonitoringSummary.html); accessed March 23, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28241","article-title":"Mortality risk in former smokers with breast cancer: pack-years vs. smoking status","volume":"133","author":"Saquib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0058","first-page":"91","article-title":"Time to first cigarette; the best single indicator of tobacco dependence?","volume":"59","author":"Fagerstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0059","first-page":"S555","article-title":"Time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: implications for nicotine dependence","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv291","article-title":"Time to first cigarette, a proxy of nicotine dependence, increases the risk of pulmonary impairment, independently of current and lifetime smoking behavior","volume":"18","author":"Selya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0061","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 Data Documentation, Codebook, and frequencies demographic variables and sample weights (DEMO_H) 2015. Available online (http:\/\/data.nber.org\/nhanes\/2013-2014\/DEMO_H.htm); access on July 30, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.01.012","article-title":"Is waist circumference >\/=102\/88 cm better than body mass index >\/=30 to predict hypertension and diabetes development regardless of gender, age group, and race\/ethnicity? meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0063","unstructured":"CDC. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 data documentation, codebook, and frequencies alcohol use. 2016. Available at: https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2013-2014\/ALQ_H.htm (access July 30, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-015-9183-x","article-title":"The relationships between common measurements of taste function","volume":"8","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosens Percept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0807-9","article-title":"The association between smoking and smell and taste impairment in the general population","volume":"255","author":"Vennemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab017","article-title":"Associations of taste perception with tobacco smoking, marijuana use, and weight status in the national health and nutrition examination survey","author":"Chao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233656","article-title":"A key indicator of nicotine dependence is associated with greater depression symptoms, after accounting for smoking behavior","volume":"15","author":"Bainter","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439561","article-title":"Tobacco \"chippers\"\u2013individual differences in tobacco dependence","volume":"97","author":"Shiffman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.5.1365","article-title":"Smoking characteristics: differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with","volume":"119","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz","year":"2001","journal-title":"COPD. Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.02.016","article-title":"Differences in smoking-related variables based on phenylthiocarbamide \"taster\" status","volume":"31","author":"Snedecor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00117-9","article-title":"Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted?","volume":"26","author":"Enoch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.04.060","article-title":"Associations between taste genetics, oral sensations and alcohol intake","volume":"82","author":"Duffy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-015-9196-5","article-title":"Perceptual qualities of ethanol depend on concentration, and variation in these percepts associates with drinking frequency","volume":"8","author":"Nolden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosens Percept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntn010","article-title":"The accuracy of self-reported smoking: a systematic review of the relationship between self-reported and cotinine-assessed smoking status","volume":"11","author":"Connor Gorber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00025-8","article-title":"Sensitization of trigeminal caudalis neuronal responses to intraoral acid and salt stimuli and desensitization by nicotine","volume":"98","author":"Sudo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L812","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00164.2015","article-title":"Cigarette smoke has sensory effects through nicotinic and TRPA1 but not TRPV1 receptors on the isolated mouse trachea and larynx","volume":"309","author":"Kichko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-11-6","article-title":"Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depression-like behaviors","volume":"11","author":"Hayase","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9874","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2221-07.2007","article-title":"Bimodal action of menthol on the transient receptor potential channel TRPA1","volume":"27","author":"Karashima","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr119","article-title":"Menthol preference among smokers: association with TRPA1 variants","volume":"13","author":"Uhl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007916","article-title":"An African-specific haplotype in MRGPRX4 is associated with menthol cigarette smoking","volume":"15","author":"Kozlitina","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10669.x","article-title":"Oral irritant effects of nicotine. Psychophysical evidence for decreased sensation following repeated application of and lack of cross-desensitization to capsaicin","volume":"855","author":"Dessirier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/24.4.405","article-title":"Oral irritant properties of piperine and nicotine: psychophysical evidence for asymmetrical desensitization effects","volume":"24","author":"Dessirier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01339-2","article-title":"Cross-desensitization of capsaicin-evoked oral irritation by high but not low concentrations of nicotine in human subjects","volume":"290","author":"Dessirier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00412-1","article-title":"Oral irritation by sodium chloride: sensitization, self-desensitization, and cross-sensitization to capsaicin","volume":"72","author":"Dessirier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.065656","article-title":"The mammalian amiloride-insensitive non-specific salt taste receptor is a vanilloid receptor-1 variant","volume":"558","author":"Lyall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjw021","article-title":"Exploring ethnic differences in taste perception","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21098","article-title":"Effects of smoking on taste: assessment with contact endoscopy and taste strips","volume":"120","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0088","first-page":"15","article-title":"Cigarette smoking modulation of saliva microbial composition and cytokine levels","author":"Rodriguez-Rabassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.08.001","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoke on oral peroxidase activity in human saliva: role of hydrogen cyanide","volume":"35","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0090","series-title":"Handbook of Eating and Drinking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/referencework\/10.1007\/978-3-319-75388-1:","article-title":"Causes of Smell, Taste and Oral Somatosensory Disorders Affecting Eating and Drinking","author":"Duffy","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.04.001","article-title":"Xerostomia and salivary flow in patients with orofacial pain compared with controls","volume":"56","author":"da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/14.2.259","article-title":"Salt as an oral irritant","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/41.1.51","article-title":"Bars, P. taste and aging","volume":"41","author":"Bartoshuk","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90371-9","article-title":"Bitter taste in aging: compound-specific decline in sensitivity","volume":"56","author":"Cowart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/28.5.397","article-title":"Taste perception with age: generic or specific losses in supra-threshold intensities of five taste qualities?","volume":"28","author":"Mojet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90122-8","article-title":"The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste in young and elderly subjects","volume":"35","author":"Schiffman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0097","article-title":"Taste receptor polymorphisms and longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Di Bona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045232","article-title":"Bitter taste receptor polymorphisms and human aging","volume":"7","author":"Campa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02949","article-title":"Human T2R38 bitter taste receptor expression in resting and activated lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0100","article-title":"Surgeon general's report: The health consequences of smoking\u201450 years of progress. Department of health and human services","year":"2014","journal-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.02.014","article-title":"Effect of smoking on periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"54","author":"Leite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818757697","article-title":"A Systematic review of the association between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"158","author":"Christensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-012-9118-8","article-title":"Intensity of salt taste and prevalence of hypertension are not related in the beaver dam offspring study","volume":"5","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosens Percept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6694-4","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in nicotine exposure and dependence in adult daily smokers","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.016","article-title":"Tobacco dependence predicts higher lung cancer and mortality rates and lower rates of smoking cessation in the national lung screening trial","volume":"154","author":"Rojewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0106","first-page":"11","article-title":"Modeling associations between chemosensation, liking for fats and sweets, dietary behaviors and body mass index in chronic smokers","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0107","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Commits to evidence-based actions aimed at saving lives and preventing future generations of smokers. 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-commits-evidence-based-actions-aimed-saving-lives-and-preventing-future-generations-smokers (Accessed on July 30, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053223","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings","volume":"25","author":"Litt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2020.103995","article-title":"The effect of tobacco- and electronic cigarettes use on the olfactory function in humans","volume":"86","author":"Majchrzak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Qual Prefer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp092","article-title":"The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors","volume":"35","author":"Meyerhof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt023","article-title":"Validation of edible taste strips for assessing PROP taste perception","volume":"38","author":"Smutzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem Senses"}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938421002432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938421002432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1777435765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938421002432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0031938421002432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013\u20132014 national health and nutrition examination survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113554"}}