{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:20:36Z","timestamp":1793060436652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T02:50:05Z","timestamp":1647571805000},"page":"113781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Eye surface infrared thermography usefulness as a noninvasive method of measuring stress response in sheep during shearing: Correlations with serum cortisol and rectal temperature values"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Arfuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Acri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Piccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Sansotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Giannetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0001","first-page":"17","article-title":"Telethemographic evidence of tattoos dermatological relevance","volume":"26","author":"Acri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Med. Mediterr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1139\/Y09-042","article-title":"Role of the excessive amounts of circulating catecholamines and glucocorticoids in stress-induced heart disease","volume":"87","author":"Adameova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0003","series-title":"Anatomie Compare des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques; Tome 7 Neurologie II","author":"Barone","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00749","article-title":"Acute stress assessment from excess cortisol secretion: fundamentals and perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Boucher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.02.002","article-title":"The stress-induced hyperthermia paradigm as a physiological animal model for anxiety: a review of pharmacological and genetic studies in the mouse","volume":"31","author":"Bouwknecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy132","article-title":"Infrared thermography as a tool to detect hoof lesions in sheep","volume":"3","author":"Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8090146","article-title":"Thermography as a non-invasive measure of stress and fear of humans in sheep","volume":"8","author":"Cannas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731108001651","article-title":"The effect of shearing procedures on blood levels of growth hormone, cortisol and other stress haematochemical parameters in Sarda sheep","volume":"2","author":"Carcangiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090092034","article-title":"The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: overview of physical and behavioural homeostasis","volume":"267","author":"Chrousos","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0011","first-page":"621","article-title":"Adrenocortical and metabolic responses to ACTH injection in horses: an assessment by salivary cortisol and infrared thermography of the eye","volume":"81","author":"Cook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0012","unstructured":"N.J. Cook, A.L. Schaefer, Infrared thermography and disease surveillance, In: Luzi, F., Mitchell, M., Nanni, Costa, L., Redaelli, V., Eds. Thermography: Current Status and Advances in Livestock Animals and in Veterinary Medicine. Brescia, Fondazione Iniziative Zooprofilattiche 92 (2013) 41\u201346."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2014.12.001","article-title":"Validation of a fear test in sport horses using infrared thermography","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav.: Clin. Appl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9859-4","article-title":"The effect of shearing in a hot environment on some welfare indicators in Awassi lambs","volume":"43","author":"Dikmen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.06.020","article-title":"Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens","volume":"119","author":"Edgar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154179","article-title":"The effect of noseband tightening on horses\u2019 behavior, eye temperature, and cardiac responses","volume":"11","author":"Fenner","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4949","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8087","article-title":"Relationship among eye and muzzle temperatures measured using digital infrared thermal imaging and vaginal and rectal temperatures in hair sheep and cattle","volume":"92","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Animal Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102677","article-title":"Infrared methodologies for the assessment of skin temperature daily rhythm in two domestic mammalian species","volume":"92","author":"Giannetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thermal Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103104","article-title":"Thermographic ocular temperature correlated with rectal temperature in cats","volume":"102","author":"Giannetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thermal Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01497","article-title":"Skin surface temperature of broiler chickens is correlated to body core temperature and is indicative of their thermoregulatory status","volume":"91","author":"Giloh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poultry Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.09.032","article-title":"Skin temperature reveals the intensity of acute stress","volume":"152","author":"Herborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.004","article-title":"Surface temperature elevated by chronic and intermittent stress","volume":"191","author":"Herborn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000403","article-title":"Eye surface temperature detects stress response in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)","volume":"26","author":"Ikkatai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20240-4","article-title":"Eye region surface temperature reflects both energy reserves and circulating glucocorticoids in a wild bird","volume":"8","author":"Jerem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112627","article-title":"Eye region surface temperature dynamics during acute stress relate to baseline glucocorticoids independently of environmental conditions","volume":"210","author":"Jerem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2010.12.004","article-title":"Thermographic eye temperature as an index to body temperature in ponies","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2020.1868431","article-title":"Infrared thermography is an effective, noninvasive measure of HPA activation","volume":"24","author":"Ouyang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7186","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167186","article-title":"Validation of eye temperature assessed using infrared thermography as an indicator of welfare in horses","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04936-9","article-title":"The face of fear","volume":"357","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0030","first-page":"254","article-title":"Can there be a standard for temperature measurement in the pediatric intensive care unit?","volume":"15","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"AACN Clin. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2011.03.044","article-title":"Avoidance distance in sheep: test-retest reliability and relationship with stockmen attitude","volume":"99","author":"Napolitano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Rum. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200105000-00018","article-title":"Mechanisms and mediators of psychological stress-induced rise in core temperature","volume":"63","author":"Oka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psych. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2010082-1217","article-title":"Impact of shearing on body weight and serum total proteins in ewes","volume":"8","author":"Piccione","year":"2010","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0034","first-page":"147","article-title":"Potential application of thermography (IRT) in animal production and for animal welfare. A case report of working dogs","volume":"50","author":"Redaelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Ist Sup. San."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.4.613","article-title":"Comparison of temperature readings from a percutaneous thermal sensing microchip with temperature readings from a digital rectal thermometer in equids","volume":"233","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0036","series-title":"Tempests, Poxes, Predators, and People: Stress in Wild Animals and How They Cope","author":"Romero","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.02.001","article-title":"Sheep exhibit a positive judgement bias and stress-induced hyperthermia following shearing","volume":"131","author":"Sanger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0038","series-title":"Behavioural Endocrinology","article-title":"Endocrinology of the stress-response","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0039","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppresive, stimulatory and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.06.005","article-title":"Maximum eye temperature in the assessment of training in racehorses: correlations with salivary cortisol concentration, rectal temperature, and heart rate","volume":"45","author":"Soroko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.044","article-title":"Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic","volume":"93","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600027895","article-title":"Infrared thermography as a non-invasive method for detecting fear-related responses of cattle to different handling procedures","volume":"17","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3114","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of autonomic activity for evaluation of pain in calves, using surgical castration as a model","volume":"93","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5252","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3448","article-title":"Effects of an epinephrine infusion on eye temperature and heart rate variability in bull calves","volume":"93","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.04.034","article-title":"Non-invasive of stress in dairy cows using infrared thermography","volume":"92","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.09.019","article-title":"Exploring non-invasive methods to assess pain in sheep","volume":"98","author":"Stubsj\u00f8en","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233558","article-title":"Evaluation of infrared thermography as a non-invasive method of measuring the autonomic nervous response in sheep","volume":"15","author":"Sutherland","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2014.11.003","article-title":"Hot dogs: thermography in the assessment of stress in dogs (Canis familiaris) - a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Travain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00091-X","article-title":"The cognitive activation theory of stress","volume":"29","author":"Ursin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.03.005","article-title":"Changes in eye temperature and stress assessment in horses during show jumping competitions","volume":"32","author":"Valera","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04073.x","article-title":"Changes in cutaneous and body temperature during and after conditioned fear to context in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Vianna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2013.807243","article-title":"The effect of stress on core and peripheral body temperature in humans","volume":"16","author":"Vinkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.05.013","article-title":"An assessment of the aversive nature of an animal management procedure (clipping) using behavioral and physiological measures","volume":"118","author":"Yarnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R180","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00111","article-title":"Eye and ear temperature using infrared thermography are related to rectal temperature in dogs at rest or with exercise","volume":"3","author":"Zanghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938422000889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938422000889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1758478832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938422000889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0031938422000889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eye surface infrared thermography usefulness as a noninvasive method of measuring stress response in sheep during shearing: Correlations with serum cortisol and rectal temperature values","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113781","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113781"}}