{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:18:21Z","timestamp":1768256301712,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":284,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA035322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA035322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA044980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA044980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T20:31:39Z","timestamp":1675456299000},"page":"114107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prefrontal cortex neurons in adult rats exposed to early life stress fail to appropriately signal the consequences of motivated actions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Florencia M.","family":"Bercum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria J. Navarro","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Saddoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","article-title":"Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"111","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1916-6","article-title":"The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence","volume":"214","author":"Enoch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.007","article-title":"The role of early adversity and recent life stress in depression severity in an outpatient sample","volume":"83","author":"Vogt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41661-9","article-title":"Early postnatal development of pyramidal neurons across layers of the mouse medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"9","author":"Kroon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_42","article-title":"Neurobiological programming of early life stress: functional development of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry and vulnerability for stress-related psychopathology","volume":"38","author":"VanTieghem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Top Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15698","article-title":"Basomedial amygdala mediates top-down control of anxiety and fear","volume":"527","author":"Adhikari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.027","article-title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation rescues cocaine-induced prefrontal hypoactivity and restores flexible behavior","volume":"89","author":"West","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.03.027","article-title":"Development of neurotransmitter systems during critical periods","volume":"190","author":"Herlenius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0037","first-page":"511","article-title":"Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models","volume":"108","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00033-1","article-title":"Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates","volume":"37","author":"Balleine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4553","article-title":"Amygdala inputs to prefrontal cortex guide behavior amid conflicting cues of reward and punishment","volume":"20","author":"Burgos-Robles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2850-17.2017","article-title":"Prefrontal corticostriatal disconnection blocks the acquisition of goal-directed action","volume":"38","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000118","article-title":"Modulation of attention and action in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats","volume":"125","author":"Sharpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1399","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus","volume":"8","author":"Amat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000033","article-title":"Learned helplessness at fifty: insights from neuroscience","volume":"123","author":"Maier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.039","article-title":"Role of the medial prefrontal cortex in coping and resilience","volume":"1355","author":"Maier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1535","article-title":"Neuronal signalling of fear memory","volume":"5","author":"Maren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06225.2000","article-title":"The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear","volume":"20","author":"Quirk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1920810","article-title":"Activation of the infralimbic cortex in a fear context enhances extinction learning","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01138","article-title":"Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction","volume":"420","author":"Milad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.184","article-title":"Dissociable roles of prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, ventral hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"36","author":"Sierra-Mercado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2021.107541","article-title":"Elevated fear responses to threatening cues in rats with early life stress is associated with greater excitability and loss of gamma oscillations in ventral-medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"185","author":"Bercum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21230","article-title":"Naturalistic rodent models of chronic early-life stress","volume":"56","author":"Molet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2017.1343296","article-title":"Chronic early life stress induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) material in rodents: critical considerations of methodology, outcomes and translational potential","volume":"20","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.605487","article-title":"Effects of chronic social stress during lactation on maternal behavior and growth in rats","volume":"14","author":"Nephew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.744690","article-title":"Impact of early life stress on reward circuit function and regulation","volume":"12","author":"Hanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.08.008","article-title":"Psychological stressors as a model of maternal adversity: diurnal modulation of corticosterone responses and changes in maternal behavior","volume":"51","author":"L\u00e9onhardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.037","article-title":"Cocaine self-administration abolishes associative neural encoding in the nucleus accumbens necessary for higher-order learning","volume":"75","author":"Saddoris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07683.x","article-title":"Neural correlates of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in the nucleus accumbens shell are selectively potentiated following cocaine self-administration","volume":"33","author":"Saddoris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0034","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.012","article-title":"Dopamine modulation of prefrontal cortex activity is manifold and operates at multiple temporal and spatial scales","volume":"27","author":"Lohani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241","article-title":"The origin of extracellular fields and currents\u2013EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes","volume":"13","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3599","article-title":"Modelling and analysis of local field potentials for studying the function of cortical circuits","volume":"14","author":"Einevoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112913","article-title":"Effects of optogenetic photoexcitation of infralimbic cortex inputs to the basolateral amygdala on conditioned fear and extinction","volume":"396","author":"Bukalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12609","article-title":"Control over a stressor involves the posterior dorsal striatum and the act\/outcome circuit","volume":"40","author":"Amat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.800308","article-title":"Role of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in mediating behavioral control-induced reduction of later conditioned fear","volume":"15","author":"Baratta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","article-title":"Mechanisms of gamma oscillations","volume":"35","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147365","article-title":"Reduced risk-taking behavior during frontal oscillatory theta band neurostimulation","volume":"1759","author":"Dantas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07991","article-title":"Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance","volume":"459","author":"Sohal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E255","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101920108","article-title":"Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitry","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30056","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.30056","article-title":"Risk of punishment influences discrete and coordinated encoding of reward-guided actions by prefrontal cortex and VTA neurons","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0682-1","article-title":"Dopamine enhances signal-to-noise ratio in cortical-brainstem encoding of aversive stimuli","volume":"563","author":"Vander Weele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0038","article-title":"Postpartum scarcity-adversity disrupts maternal behavior and induces a hypodopaminergic state in the rat dam and adult female offspring","author":"Rinc\u00f3n-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01875-z","article-title":"Controllable stress elicits circuit-specific patterns of prefrontal plasticity in males, but not females","volume":"224","author":"Baratta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11352","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11352","article-title":"Sexually divergent expression of active and passive conditioned fear responses in rats","volume":"4","author":"Gruene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0628-5","article-title":"On the early life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction","volume":"26","author":"Levis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3354-10.2011","article-title":"Neural correlates of instrumental contingency learning: differential effects of action-reward conjunction and disjunction","volume":"31","author":"Liljeholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7763","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1921-05.2005","article-title":"Lesions of medial prefrontal cortex disrupt the acquisition but not the expression of goal-directed learning","volume":"25","author":"Ostlund","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113938","article-title":"Prelimbic cortex neural encoding dynamically tracks expected outcome value","volume":"256","author":"Niedringhaus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.1.317","article-title":"Orbitofrontal lesions impair use of cue-outcome associations in a devaluation task","volume":"119","author":"Pickens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938423000355?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938423000355?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:23:41Z","timestamp":1758479021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938423000355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0031938423000355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prefrontal cortex neurons in adult rats exposed to early life stress fail to appropriately signal the consequences of motivated actions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114107","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114107"}}