{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:22:08Z","timestamp":1767900128768,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_197076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_197076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T06:34:05Z","timestamp":1737873245000},"page":"114820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Acute effect of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and task-related heart rate variability in preadolescent children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1976-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Bruggisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahel","family":"Leuenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Hanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ludyga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429458","article-title":"The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: four general conclusions","volume":"21","author":"Miyake","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12445","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12445","article-title":"Do different cognitive domains mediate the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adolescents\u2019 off-task behaviour in the classroom?","volume":"92","author":"Ludyga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.01.007","article-title":"Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample","volume":"21","author":"Best","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219410371676","article-title":"The specific role of inhibition in reading comprehension in good and poor comprehenders","volume":"43","author":"Borella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Learn. Disabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2011.615025","article-title":"Insights from cognitive neuroscience: the importance of executive function for early reading development and education","volume":"23","author":"Cartwright","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Educ Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12059","article-title":"Executive functioning and mathematics achievement","volume":"8","author":"Bull","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN1903_3","article-title":"Executive functioning as a predictor of children's mathematics ability: inhibition, switching, and working memory","volume":"19","author":"Bull","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032625","article-title":"Inhibitory control is needed for the resolution of arithmetic word problems: a developmental negative priming study","volume":"105","author":"Lubin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.1.87","article-title":"Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research","volume":"127","author":"Compas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.08.015","article-title":"A primer on investigating the after effects of acute bouts of physical activity on cognition","volume":"40","author":"Pontifex","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.06.004","article-title":"Effects of acute aerobic exercise on multiple aspects of executive function in preadolescent children","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.026","article-title":"The effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"128","author":"Ishihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12736","article-title":"Acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on specific aspects of executive function in different age and fitness groups: A meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Ludyga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02616","article-title":"Effects and moderators of acute aerobic exercise on subsequent interference control: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Oberste","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00921","article-title":"The acute effects of exercise intensity on inhibitory cognitive control in adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Peruyero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000176680.79702.ce","article-title":"Aerobic fitness and neurocognitive function in healthy preadolescent children","volume":"37","author":"Hillman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.09.016","article-title":"Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning","volume":"56","author":"Ridderinkhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9101-z","article-title":"Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: the neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health","volume":"37","author":"Thayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2022.2155488","article-title":"Acute effects of exercise engagement on neurocognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis on P3 amplitude and latency","author":"Kao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.02.003","article-title":"Moving fast, thinking fast: the relations of physical activity levels and bouts to neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control in preadolescents","volume":"8","author":"Pindus","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00710","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cognitive function: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Forte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(01)00537-X","article-title":"Heart rate variability in healthy children and adolescents is partially related to age and gender","volume":"81","author":"Silvetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02403.x","article-title":"Hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in children and adolescents: the influences of age, race, and gender","volume":"34","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302266","article-title":"Ethnicity and long-term heart rate variability in children","volume":"98","author":"Eyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)80013-3","article-title":"Analysis of heart rate variability demonstrates effects of development on vagal modulation of heart rate in healthy children","volume":"130","author":"Goto","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0962-y","article-title":"Short-term heart rate variability in a population-based sample of 10-year-old children","volume":"36","author":"Jarrin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-021-09883-8","article-title":"Heart rate variability in 12- to 13-year-old adolescents","volume":"52","author":"Sitovskyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurophysiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007","article-title":"Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Koenig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01470","article-title":"Age differences in high frequency phasic heart rate variability and performance response to increased executive function load in three executive function tasks","volume":"5","author":"Byrd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.02.007","article-title":"Autonomic predictors of Stroop performance in young and middle-aged adults","volume":"76","author":"Mathewson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0559-8","article-title":"Heart rate variability dynamics during early recovery after different endurance exercises","volume":"102","author":"Kaikkonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa2.28.155","article-title":"Positive effects of acute and moderate physical exercise on cognitive function","volume":"28","author":"Kashihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.07.007","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cognitive function: effects of physical effort","volume":"82","author":"Luft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-012-9196-z","article-title":"Acute physical activity on cognitive function: A heart rate variability examination","volume":"37","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.07.010","article-title":"Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in preadolescent children","volume":"26","author":"Hanke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2024.100438","article-title":"Cortical hemodynamics and inhibitory processing in preadolescent children with low and high physical activity","volume":"24","author":"Ludyga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.09.008","article-title":"Position statement on physical activity and exercise intensity terminology","volume":"13","author":"Norton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited","volume":"37","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815a51b3","article-title":"Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer","volume":"40","author":"Troiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160701408809","article-title":"Calibration of an accelerometer during free-living activities in children","volume":"2","author":"Mattocks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Obes."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"2011 compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exercise"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2018.24.3.198","article-title":"Electrocardiogram sampling frequency range acceptable for heart rate variability analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Healthc. Inform. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00213","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research \u2013 Recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting","volume":"08","author":"Laborde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04142-5","article-title":"RR interval signal quality of a heart rate monitor and an ECG Holter at rest and during exercise","volume":"119","author":"Gilgen-Ammann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176536","article-title":"Validity of the polar H10 sensor for heart rate variability analysis during resting state and incremental exercise in recreational men and women","volume":"22","author":"Schaffarczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0090","first-page":"390","article-title":"Measuring heart rate variability using commercially available devices in healthy children: A validity and reliability study","volume":"10","author":"Speer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ."},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-2004-4","article-title":"Evaluation of the self-reported SDQ in a clinical setting: do self-reports tell us more than ratings by adult informants?","volume":"13","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0036","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study on the validity of the self-report version","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the insomnia severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601","article-title":"The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response","volume":"34","author":"Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537962","article-title":"A self-report measure of pubertal status: reliability, validity, and initial norms","volume":"17","author":"Petersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604268531","article-title":"A validation study of early adolescents\u2019 Pubertal self-assessments","volume":"24","author":"Schmitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Early Adolesc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-1607-6","article-title":"The Family affluence scale as a measure of national wealth: validation of an adolescent self-report measure","volume":"78","author":"Boyce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0022","article-title":"The international Family Affluence Scale (FAS): charting 25 years of indicator development, evidence produced, and policy impact on adolescent health inequalities","volume":"25","author":"Currie","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM Popul. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2009.09.003","article-title":"Structural equations modeling: fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics","volume":"20","author":"Iacobucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0054","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.920180503","article-title":"The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation","volume":"18","author":"Yerkes","year":"1908","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12310","article-title":"Acute physical activity and delayed attention in primary school students","volume":"25","author":"Gallotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.023","article-title":"Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test","volume":"50","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.06.024","article-title":"Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents","volume":"441","author":"Budde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","article-title":"Claude Bernard and the heart\u2013brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration","volume":"33","author":"Thayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.06.004","article-title":"Sprint-based exercise and cognitive function in adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2012.04.001","article-title":"Investigating links between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cognitive performance in elementary school students","volume":"5","author":"Pirrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ment. Health Phys. Act."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026648","article-title":"Exergaming immediately enhances children's executive function","volume":"48","author":"Best","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.02.014","article-title":"The effect of acute cognitively engaging physical activity breaks on children's executive functions: too much of a good thing?","volume":"36","author":"Egger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01473","article-title":"Cognitive and physiological effects of an acute physical activity intervention in elementary school children","volume":"5","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.247","article-title":"Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle?","volume":"126","author":"Muraven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2014.09.002","article-title":"The strength model of self-control revisited: linking acute and chronic effects of exercise on executive functions","volume":"4","author":"Audiffren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-015-0046-6","article-title":"Sex differences in autonomic function following maximal exercise","volume":"6","author":"Kappus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Sex. Differ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3960826","article-title":"Stability of children's and adolescents\u2019 hemodynamic responses to psychological challenge: A three-year longitudinal study of a multiethnic cohort of boys and girls","volume":"39","author":"Matthews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.14.4.328","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of exercise on heart rate variability in adults and children: A review","volume":"14","author":"Winsley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Exerc. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.151.2.448","article-title":"Blood volumes of normal children","volume":"151","author":"Morse","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Leg. Content"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000690","article-title":"Size matters! impact of age, sex, height, and weight on the normal heart size","volume":"6","author":"Pfaffenberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.1.14","article-title":"Prediction of adult height from height, bone age, and occurrence of menarche, at ages 4 to 16 with allowance for midparent height","volume":"50","author":"Tanner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12250","article-title":"Changes in resting heart rate variability across the menstrual cycle","volume":"51","author":"Tenan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803\/a000222","article-title":"Resting heart rate variability predicts inhibitory control above and beyond impulsivity","volume":"33","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15248372.2020.1862120","article-title":"Self-regulation in preschool children: factor structure of different measures of effortful control and executive functions","volume":"22","author":"K\u00e4lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.02.006","article-title":"Will not want: self-control rather than motivation explains the female advantage in report card grades","volume":"39","author":"Duckworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.33","article-title":"Gender differences in temperament: A meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Else-Quest","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7272","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07272","article-title":"Development of self-control in children aged 3 to 9 years: perspective from a dual-systems model","volume":"4","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227607","article-title":"Sex differences in self-regulation in early, middle and late adolescence: A large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Tetering","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.120.2.163","article-title":"Parental investment theory and gender differences in the evolution of inhibition mechanisms","volume":"120","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00233","article-title":"Sex differences in self-regulation: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"8","author":"Hosseini-Kamkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15107","article-title":"Sex differences in executive control: A systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"53","author":"Gaillard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0179-5","article-title":"Let's call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function","volume":"44","author":"Grissom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1277","article-title":"Gender differences in cortical complexity","volume":"7","author":"Luders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000763","article-title":"Sex differences in developmental pathways to mathematical competence","volume":"115","author":"Geary","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02229-z","article-title":"Physical activity practice and sports preferences in a group of Spanish schoolchildren depending on sex and parental care: a gender perspective","volume":"20","author":"Peral-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/ebs0000049","article-title":"Sex differences in sports interest and motivation: An evolutionary perspective","volume":"10","author":"Deaner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib105","first-page":"303","article-title":"A comparison between boys and girls about the motives for the participation in school sport","volume":"13","author":"Soares","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ. Sport"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11035","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111035","article-title":"A short version of the physical activity enjoyment scale: development and psychometric properties","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2022.102141","article-title":"Positive affect moderates inhibitory control and positive affect following a single bout of self-select aerobic exercise","volume":"60","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.02.027","article-title":"Does mood help or hinder executive functions? Reactivity may be the key","volume":"128","author":"Gabel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.030","article-title":"The psychological, neurochemical and functional neuroanatomical mediators of the effects of positive and negative mood on executive functions","volume":"45","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113869","article-title":"Cardiovascular reactivity during sadness induction predicts inhibitory control performance","volume":"254","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073918768878","article-title":"Understanding emotion in adolescents: a review of emotional frequency, intensity, instability, and clarity","volume":"11","author":"Bailen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01961-4","article-title":"Gender difference in the change of adolescents\u2019 mental health and subjective wellbeing trajectories","volume":"32","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425000228?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425000228?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T12:42:10Z","timestamp":1740400930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938425000228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0031938425000228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute effect of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and task-related heart rate variability in preadolescent children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114820","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114820"}}