{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:08:36Z","timestamp":1787947716937,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_207960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_207960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:51:23Z","timestamp":1751889083000},"page":"115017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glial adaptations to high-fat diet in the mediobasal hypothalamus and effects on metabolic control"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Keila","family":"Navarro I Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Bouchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","volume":"13","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.706978","article-title":"Obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00355-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990\u20132021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","author":"Ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12888","article-title":"Obesity prevention and the global syndemic: challenges and opportunities for the World Obesity Federation","volume":"20","author":"Lobstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0005","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: a public health concern","volume":"6","author":"Sanyaolu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00526-z","article-title":"Genetics and epigenetics in obesity: what do we know so far?","volume":"12","author":"Keller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132896","article-title":"Overweight and obesity: the interplay of eating habits and physical activity","volume":"15","author":"Moschonis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122749","article-title":"Global impacts of Western diet and its effects on metabolism and health: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0214","article-title":"From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system","volume":"378","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.04.015","article-title":"The central nervous system control of energy homeostasis: high fat diet induced hypothalamic microinflammation and obesity","volume":"185","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.044","article-title":"Peripheral endocannabinoid signaling controls hyperphagia in western diet-induced obesity","volume":"171","author":"Argueta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","article-title":"Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020","article-title":"Western diet and the immune system: an inflammatory connection","volume":"51","author":"Christ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes24013","article-title":"Understanding adipose tissue dysfunction","volume":"33","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Obes. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.168","article-title":"Leptin and the maintenance of elevated body weight","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801209","article-title":"Development of high fat diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance in C57Bl\/6J mice","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.749050","article-title":"The leptin system and diet: a mini review of the current evidence","volume":"12","author":"Mendoza-Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12131","article-title":"High-fat diet induces leptin resistance in leptin-deficient mice","volume":"26","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.001","article-title":"Circulating triglycerides after a high-fat meal: predictor of increased caloric intake, orexigenic peptide expression, and dietary obesity","volume":"1298","author":"Karatayev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01079-8","article-title":"Obesity-induced inflammation: connecting the periphery to the brain","volume":"6","author":"Le Thuc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88878","article-title":"Hypothalamic inflammation in obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"127","author":"Jais","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.08.008","article-title":"Fatty-acid-mediated hypothalamic inflammation and epigenetic programming","volume":"42","author":"Cesar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl7398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl7398","article-title":"Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake","volume":"381","author":"Br\u00fcning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.E. Levin, N. Geary, T.A. Lutz, The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity, (2025). 10.1152\/PHYSREV.00002.2024.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2024.07.004","article-title":"Hypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure","volume":"127","author":"Basu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab025","article-title":"Arcuate nucleus-dependent regulation of metabolism-pathways to obesity and diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Jais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2014.03.003","article-title":"The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and the control of peripheral substrates","volume":"28","author":"Joly-Amado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00610-z","article-title":"Glial cells as integrators of peripheral and central signals in the regulation of energy homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Nampoothiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.024","article-title":"Hypothalamic nutrient sensing in the control of energy homeostasis","volume":"209","author":"Blouet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.09.022","article-title":"Fatty acid sensing in the gut and the hypothalamus: in vivo and in vitro perspectives","volume":"397","author":"Duca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91294.2008","article-title":"Oleic acid directly regulates POMC neuron excitability in the hypothalamus","volume":"101","author":"Jo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00223.2009","article-title":"Characteristics and mechanisms of hypothalamic neuronal fatty acid sensing","volume":"297","author":"Le Foll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.H. Moran, Hypothalamic nutrient sensing and energy balance, in: 2010: pp. 94\u2013101. 10.1159\/000264397.","DOI":"10.1159\/000264397"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0556","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity causes ghrelin resistance in Arcuate NPY\/AgRP neurons","volume":"151","author":"Briggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00074-1","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y-mediated inhibition of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the Arcuate nucleus shows enhanced desensitization in ob\/ob mice","volume":"41","author":"Roseberry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7362","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0647-17.2017","article-title":"The relevance of AgRP neuron-derived GABA inputs to POMC neurons differs for spontaneous and evoked release","volume":"37","author":"Rau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-00987-z","article-title":"Reciprocal activity of AgRP and POMC neurons governs coordinated control of feeding and metabolism","volume":"6","author":"De Solis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80829-6","article-title":"Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat","volume":"24","author":"Cowley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00283-3","article-title":"Hypothalamic obesity: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Argente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02737-9","article-title":"Obesity: exploring its connection to brain function through genetic and genomic perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Saeed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59660","article-title":"Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans","volume":"122","author":"Thaler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.564413","article-title":"Western diet: implications for brain function and behavior","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f3pez-Taboada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.06.022","article-title":"Diet-induced hypothalamic dysfunction and metabolic disease, and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols","volume":"27","author":"Samodien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089459","article-title":"Rapid rewiring of arcuate nucleus feeding circuits by leptin","volume":"304","author":"Pinto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004282107","article-title":"Synaptic input organization of the melanocortin system predicts diet-induced hypothalamic reactive gliosis and obesity","volume":"107","author":"Horvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0046","article-title":"High-fat diet induced loss of GABAergic inhibition decouples intrinsic and synaptic excitability in AgRP neurons","author":"Korgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0684-9","article-title":"High fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives","volume":"23","author":"Mazzone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114917","article-title":"Tanycytes in the nexus of hypothalamic inflammation, appetite control, and obesity","volume":"296","author":"Dali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00212","article-title":"Lipid metabolism crosstalk in the brain: glia and neurons","volume":"13","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.016","article-title":"Brain energy metabolism: focus on astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation","volume":"14","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00026-1","article-title":"Hypothalamic neuronal-glial crosstalk in metabolic disease","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Metab. Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0052","article-title":"New insights into the role of dietary triglyceride absorption in obesity and metabolic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.09.010","article-title":"Dietary fatty acids in gut health: absorption, metabolism and function","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00211-0","article-title":"Absorption and distribution of dietary fatty acids from different sources","volume":"65","author":"Ram\u0131\u0301rez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33954-X","article-title":"Absorption of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by Rat Jejunum and Ileum","volume":"57","author":"Gallagher","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00427-1","article-title":"Fatty acid transport proteins: a current view of a growing family","volume":"12","author":"Stahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.04.004","article-title":"Expanding roles for lipid droplets","volume":"25","author":"Welte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R052902","article-title":"Intestinal triacylglycerol synthesis in fat absorption and systemic energy metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Yen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.128","article-title":"Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain","volume":"33","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.04.003","article-title":"De novo lipogenesis in health and disease","volume":"63","author":"Ameer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.11.026","article-title":"De novo lipogenesis in astrocytes promotes the repair of blood\u2013Brain barrier after transient cerebral ischemia through interleukin-33","volume":"481","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2011.04.007","article-title":"Fatty acid transport into the brain: of fatty acid fables and lipid tails","volume":"85","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15608644","article-title":"Apicobasal polarity of brain endothelial cells","volume":"36","author":"Worzfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0305","article-title":"The role of sphingolipids in endothelial barrier function","volume":"396","author":"Jernigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68030991.x","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic acid increases tight junction permeability in cultured brain endothelial cells","volume":"68","author":"Schulze","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2024.05.020","article-title":"Brain lipid sensing and the neural control of energy balance","volume":"223","author":"Cruciani-Guglielmacci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1278","article-title":"Disruption of lipid uptake in Astroglia exacerbates diet-induced obesity","volume":"66","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.645646","article-title":"Lipid transport and metabolism at the blood-brain interface: implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Pifferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01036","article-title":"Hypothalamic fatty acids and ketone bodies sensing and role of FAT\/CD36 in the regulation of food intake","volume":"10","author":"Le Foll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00060","article-title":"Lipid processing in the brain: a key regulator of systemic metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Bruce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020150","article-title":"Involvement of astrocytes in the formation, maintenance, and function of the blood\u2013Brain barrier","volume":"13","author":"Schiera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171634","article-title":"The pericyte\u2013glia interface at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"132","author":"Giannoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820107-7.00016-1","article-title":"Tanycytes in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence and their role in the blood-brain barrier","volume":"180","author":"Prevot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.004","article-title":"Tanycytes regulate lipid homeostasis by sensing free fatty acids and signaling to key hypothalamic neuronal populations via FGF21 secretion","volume":"30","author":"Geller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1659616","article-title":"Tanycytic TSPO inhibition induces lipophagy to regulate lipid metabolism and improve energy balance","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80430","article-title":"Fatty acids: from membrane ingredients to signaling molecules","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Health Benefits Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00061","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in glucose and lipid metabolism during fasting, hypoglycemia, and exercise","volume":"6","author":"Hedrington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.536682","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism in astrocytes regulates brain bioenergetics, neurotransmission and redox balance","volume":"14","author":"Rose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.946474","article-title":"Emerging role of hepatic ketogenesis in fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Mooli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1186","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00113.2016","article-title":"Fatty acid-induced astrocyte ketone production and the control of food intake","volume":"310","author":"Le Foll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.05.001","article-title":"Ketone body synthesis in the brain: possible neuroprotective effects","volume":"70","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00162","article-title":"Fatty acid signaling mechanisms in neural cells: fatty acid receptors","volume":"13","author":"Falomir-Lockhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03092-7","article-title":"Palmitic acid is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in disease development","volume":"76","author":"Fatima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.007","article-title":"Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21094","article-title":"Astrocyte TLR4 activation induces a proinflammatory environment through the interplay between MyD88-dependent NF\u03baB signaling, MAPK, and Jak1\/Stat1 pathways","volume":"59","author":"Gorina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.02.007","article-title":"Fatty acids in cell signaling: historical perspective and future outlook","volume":"92","author":"Glatz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","article-title":"Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Olzmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0088","article-title":"Fatty acids: from membrane ingredients to signaling molecules","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200671","article-title":"Short-term, high fat feeding-induced changes in white adipose tissue gene expression are highly predictive for long-term changes","volume":"57","author":"Voigt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.313","article-title":"A short-term, high-fat diet up-regulates lipid metabolism and gene expression in human skeletal muscle","volume":"77","author":"Cameron-Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2015.09.004","article-title":"New insights in leptin resistance mechanisms in mice","volume":"39","author":"Balland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006066","article-title":"High fat feeding induces hepatic fatty acid elongation in mice","volume":"4","author":"Oosterveer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.128","article-title":"Weight gain induced by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Milagro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.6.E1374","article-title":"Development of leptin resistance in rat soleus muscle in response to high-fat diets","volume":"279","author":"Steinberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0623-6","article-title":"Representative of consortium, Fish oil supplementation alleviates metabolic and anxiodepressive effects of diet-induced obesity and associated changes in brain lipid composition in mice","volume":"44","author":"Demers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0401-4","article-title":"The effect of western diet on mice brain lipid composition","volume":"16","author":"Pakiet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.02.004","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in Arcuate melanocortin neurons","volume":"5","author":"Enriori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97201-x","article-title":"Mass spectrometry imaging of mice brain lipid profile changes over time under high fat diet","volume":"11","author":"Sighinolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0099","first-page":"980","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced lipidome perturbations in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb of mice","volume":"1863","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.87120","article-title":"An acute microglial metabolic response controls metabolism and improves memory","volume":"12","author":"Drougard","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23882","article-title":"Dietary fat exacerbates postprandial hypothalamic inflammation involving glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and microglia in male mice","volume":"69","author":"Cansell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.11.018","article-title":"Microglia dictate the impact of saturated fat consumption on hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal function","volume":"9","author":"Valdearcos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22580","article-title":"Hormones and diet, but not body weight, control hypothalamic microglial activity","volume":"62","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1121","article-title":"Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet feeding is reversible in mice: a combined immunohistochemical and magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"155","author":"Berkseth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104733","article-title":"Hypothalamic glial cells isolated by MACS reveal that microglia and astrocytes induce hypothalamic inflammation via different processes under high-fat diet conditions","volume":"136","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.05.015","article-title":"Microglial inflammatory signaling orchestrates the hypothalamic immune response to dietary excess and mediates obesity susceptibility","volume":"26","author":"Valdearcos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0107","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microglial depletion, a new tool in neuroinflammatory disorders: comparison of pharmacological inhibitors of the CSF-1R","volume":"0","author":"Guenoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1283711","article-title":"Limitations of PLX3397 as a microglial investigational tool: peripheral and off-target effects dictate the response to inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Claeys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02924-5","article-title":"Distinguishing the effects of systemic CSF1R inhibition by PLX3397 on microglia and peripheral immune cells","volume":"20","author":"Okojie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00026","article-title":"Microglia, seen from the CX3CR1 angle","volume":"7","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022156","article-title":"Fractalkine preferentially mediates arrest and migration of CD16+ monocytes","volume":"197","author":"Ancuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107989","article-title":"CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 signaling targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"231","author":"Subbarayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12139","article-title":"Minocycline: far beyond an antibiotic","volume":"169","author":"Garrido-Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.07.008","article-title":"Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance","volume":"35","author":"Douglass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.013","article-title":"Adult NG2-glia are required for median eminence-mediated leptin sensing and body weight control","volume":"23","author":"Djogo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126380","article-title":"CX3CL1 Action on microglia protects from diet-induced obesity by restoring POMC neuronal excitability and melanocortin system activity impaired by high-fat diet feeding","volume":"23","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00021.2023","article-title":"Microglia in central control of metabolism","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.010","article-title":"Microglial UCP2 mediates inflammation and obesity induced by high-fat feeding","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04559.x","article-title":"Leptin induces interleukin-1\u03b2 release from rat microglial cells through a caspase 1 independent mechanism","volume":"102","author":"Pinteaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.11.003","article-title":"Leptin modulates cell morphology and cytokine release in microglia","volume":"24","author":"Lafrance","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.H. Tang, D.Y. Lu, R.S. Yang, H.Y. Tsai, M.C. Kao, W.M. Fu, Y.F. Chen, Leptin-induced IL-6 production is mediated by Leptin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, NF-B, and p300 pathway in microglia 1, 2007. http:\/\/journals.aai.org\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/179\/2\/1292\/1317968\/zim01407001292.pdf.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.1292"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.11.003","article-title":"Deficiency of leptin receptor in myeloid cells disrupts hypothalamic metabolic circuits and causes body weight increase","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15143","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 drives mitochondrial stress in POMC neurons in obesity","volume":"8","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02326-2","article-title":"Microglia shape AgRP neuron postnatal development via regulating perineuronal net plasticity","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1849","article-title":"Brain innate immunity regulates hypothalamic arcuate neuronal activity and feeding behavior","volume":"156","author":"Reis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11459","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2351-16.2016","article-title":"Casting a wide net: role of perineuronal nets in neural plasticity","volume":"36","author":"Sorg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.04.003","article-title":"Perineuronal nets: plasticity, protection, and therapeutic potential","volume":"42","author":"Reichelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00401","article-title":"Astrocyte heterogeneity in the adult central nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99366","article-title":"Insulin regulates astrocyte gliotransmission and modulates behavior","volume":"128","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.07.028","article-title":"Astrocytic insulin signaling couples brain glucose uptake with nutrient availability","volume":"166","author":"Garc\u00eda-C\u00e1ceres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.07.017","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in astrocytic structure and function","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07660.x","article-title":"Saturated long-chain fatty acids activate inflammatory signaling in astrocytes","volume":"120","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14030161","article-title":"Palmitate compromises C6 astrocytic cell viability and mitochondrial function","volume":"14","author":"Schmitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014092","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain: physiological mechanisms and relevance to pharmacology","volume":"70","author":"Lay\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac023","article-title":"The significance of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis for the pathogenesis of obesity in humans","volume":"44","author":"Sewaybricker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12907","article-title":"Investigating obesity-associated brain inflammation using quantitative water content mapping","volume":"32","author":"Kullmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.10.001","article-title":"Evidence for a novel functional role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat diet intake in mice","volume":"4","author":"Buckman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24237","article-title":"Diet triggers specific responses of hypothalamic astrocytes in time and region dependent manner","volume":"70","author":"Lutomska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R610","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00235.2003","article-title":"Ontogeny of diet-induced obesity in selectively bred Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"285","author":"Ricci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1090","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic neuronal sensing and food intake by ketone bodies and fatty acids","volume":"63","author":"Le Foll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-253","article-title":"Energy metabolism in developing brain cells","volume":"70","author":"Edmond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490180407","article-title":"Capacity for substrate utilization in oxidative metabolism by neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from developing brain in primary culture","volume":"18","author":"Edmond","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0479-z","article-title":"Cell-type-specific profiling of brain mitochondria reveals functional and molecular diversity","volume":"22","author":"Fecher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001","article-title":"Neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling protects against activity-induced fatty acid toxicity","volume":"177","author":"Ioannou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00756-4","article-title":"Loss of fatty acid degradation by astrocytic mitochondria triggers neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"5","author":"Mi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37216","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.506238","article-title":"Glucose regulates hypothalamic long-chain fatty acid metabolism via AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in neurons and astrocytes","volume":"288","author":"Ta\u00efb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.731674.x","article-title":"The AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes","volume":"73","author":"Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00370-2","article-title":"Is there an astrocyte\u2013neuron ketone body shuttle?","volume":"12","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R872","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00015.2015","article-title":"Role of VMH ketone bodies in adjusting caloric intake to increased dietary fat content in DIO and DR rats","volume":"308","author":"Le Foll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00186.2003","article-title":"Abnormalities of leptin and ghrelin regulation in obesity-prone juvenile rats","volume":"285","author":"Levin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138594","article-title":"Enhanced expression of three monocarboxylate transporter isoforms in the brain of obese mice","volume":"583","author":"Pierre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00528-6","article-title":"Glia fuel neurons with locally synthesized ketone bodies to sustain memory under starvation","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","article-title":"Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4495","article-title":"A molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0155","article-title":"The appropriate marker for astrocytes: comparing the distribution and expression of three astrocytic markers in different mouse cerebral regions","volume":"2019","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.002","article-title":"Astrocytic process plasticity and IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB in central control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.01.010","article-title":"Astrocyte IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB signaling is required for diet-induced obesity and hypothalamic inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Douglass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13218","article-title":"Role of astroglial ACBP in energy metabolism flexibility and feeding responses to metabolic challenges in male mice","volume":"34","author":"Bouyakdan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123454","article-title":"The gliotransmitter ACBP controls feeding and energy homeostasis via the melanocortin system","volume":"129","author":"Bouyakdan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.002","article-title":"Astrocytes control food intake by inhibiting AGRP neuron activity via adenosine A1 receptors","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00566-0","article-title":"Astrocytic BDNF signaling within the ventromedial hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Ameroso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0138","article-title":"Increased brain fatty acid uptake in metabolic syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Karmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13847","article-title":"A high-fat diet changes astrocytic metabolism to promote synaptic plasticity and behavior","volume":"236","author":"Popov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01364-4","article-title":"Lipid droplets and cellular lipid flux","volume":"26","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0165","article-title":"Elevation of hypothalamic ketone bodies induces a decrease in energy expenditures and an increase risk of metabolic disorder","volume":"83","author":"Carneiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.040","article-title":"Central infusion of ketone bodies modulates body weight and hepatic insulin sensitivity by modifying hypothalamic leptin and insulin signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"1401","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2011.06.002","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolism in neurons and astrocytes","volume":"50","author":"Pfrieger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Herrera Moro Chao, M.K. Kirchner, C. Pham, E. Foppen, R.G.P. Denis, J. Castel, C. Morel, E. Montalban, R. Hassouna, L.-C. Bui, J. Renault, C. Mouffle, C. Garc\u00eda-C\u00e1ceres, M.H. Tsch\u00f6p, D. Li, C. Martin, J.E. Stern, S.H. Luquet, Hypothalamic astrocytes control systemic glucose metabolism and energy balance, Cell Metab 34 (2022) 1532-1547.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3579-15.2016","article-title":"Astrocytes regulate GLP-1 receptor-mediated effects on energy balance","volume":"36","author":"Reiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16211","article-title":"Insulin and leptin acutely modulate the energy metabolism of primary hypothalamic and cortical astrocytes","volume":"169","author":"Wolff","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126176","article-title":"Hypothalamic astrocytes as a specialized and responsive cell population in obesity","volume":"22","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1252","article-title":"Differential acute and chronic effects of leptin on hypothalamic astrocyte morphology and synaptic protein levels","volume":"152","author":"Garc\u00eda-C\u00e1ceres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64102","article-title":"Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes","volume":"122","author":"Fuente-Mart\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp029","article-title":"Obesity induces functional astrocytic leptin receptors in hypothalamus","volume":"132","author":"Hsuchou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1673","article-title":"Astrocyte leptin receptor (ObR) and leptin transport in adult-onset obese mice","volume":"149","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3725","article-title":"Leptin signaling in astrocytes regulates hypothalamic neuronal circuits and feeding","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01499.2012","article-title":"Astrocytic leptin-receptor knockout mice show partial rescue of leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity","volume":"114","author":"Jayaram","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.04.007","article-title":"Obesity-associated hyperleptinemia alters the gliovascular interface of the hypothalamus to promote hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Gruber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66030920.x","article-title":"Expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene in rat brain","volume":"66","author":"Alvarez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.001","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor signaling in astrocytes regulates fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial integrity, and function","volume":"31","author":"Timper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.389626","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation: anti-inflammatory effects in the brain","volume":"19","author":"Diz-Chaves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46009-0","article-title":"Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD+ salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01528-0","article-title":"Semaglutide restores astrocyte-vascular interactions and blood-brain barrier integrity in a model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Estato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.C. Even, N.A. Nadkarni, Invited review: indirect calorimetry in laboratory mice and rats: principles, practical considerations, interpretation and perspectives. 303 (2012) 459\u2013476. 10.1152\/AJPREGU.00137.2012.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00137.2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00065.2014","article-title":"Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high-fat-sensitive but not in high-carbohydrate-sensitive obesity-prone rats","volume":"307","author":"Azzout-Marniche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22925","article-title":"Difference in housing temperature-induced energy expenditure elicits sex-specific diet-induced metabolic adaptations in mice","volume":"28","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425002185?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425002185?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T03:32:20Z","timestamp":1754623940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938425002185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":186,"alternative-id":["S0031938425002185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glial adaptations to high-fat diet in the mediobasal hypothalamus and effects on metabolic control","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115017"}}