{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T05:01:09Z","timestamp":1780203669957,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- 2021R1A2C1008635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2021R1A2C1008635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-E7001\\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-E7001\\u201301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T22:53:31Z","timestamp":1754434411000},"page":"115047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gustatory function and cognitive impairment in the Korean elderly"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Young","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ho","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Seog","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2018.61.12.758","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for dementia","volume":"61","author":"Youn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0002","unstructured":"Korean dementia observatory 2022 [article online], 2023. Available from https:\/\/www.nid.or.kr\/info\/dataroom_view.aspx?bid=257. Accessed Sep 01 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.01.022","article-title":"Dementia","volume":"131","author":"Gale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0004","series-title":"Standardization of Dementia Diagnostic Tools","author":"Kim","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0005","series-title":"MMSE-2: Mini-Mental State Examination","author":"Folstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0007","series-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment: Aging to Alzheimer's Disease","author":"Petersen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2008.07.003","article-title":"Central mechanisms of taste: cognition, emotion and taste-elicited behaviors","volume":"44","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111731","article-title":"Correlations between gustatory, olfactory, cognitive function, and age in healthy women","volume":"16","author":"Sanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18787\/jr.2017.24.1.1","article-title":"Olfaction and Alzheimer disease","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Rhinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.020","article-title":"Taste in dementing diseases and parkinsonism","volume":"248","author":"Lang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(90)90023-S","article-title":"Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in dementia: not specific to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Schiffman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00337-2","article-title":"Taste, smell and neuropsychological performance of individuals at familial risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Schiffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5300-6","article-title":"Taste in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"257","author":"Steinbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215001337","article-title":"Decline of gustatory sensitivity with the progression of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"28","author":"Sakai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01442-w","article-title":"Impact of the severity of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease on the gustatory sensitivity of older persons","volume":"32","author":"Contri-Degiovanni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518782173","article-title":"Body composition, dietary, and gustatory function assessment in people with Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"33","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1159\/000481854","article-title":"Gustatory dysfunction as an early symptom of semantic dementia","volume":"7","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.06.010","article-title":"Taste detection and recognition thresholds in Japanese patients with Alzheimer-type dementia","volume":"44","author":"Ogawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)02470-6","article-title":"Nutrition and dementia","volume":"89","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132927","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition in people with dementia in long-term care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv316","article-title":"Cohort profile: the korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) consortium","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2018.59.2.325","article-title":"Development of a gustatory function test for clinical application in Korean subjects","volume":"59","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0024","series-title":"Korean-Mini Mental State Examination","author":"Kang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.12779\/dnd.2020.19.4.161","article-title":"version (K-MMSE-2: EV), Dement","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.12779\/dnd.2024.23.3.117","article-title":"A comparison of item characteristics and test information between the K-MMSE-2:SV and K-MMSE, Dement","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-36","article-title":"Smoking, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly, a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.009","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Smoking and increased Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Durazzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Talhout, T. Schulz, E. Florek, J. Van Benthem, P. Wester, A. Opperhuizen, Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8 (2011) 613\u2013628, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph8020613.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8020613"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.010","article-title":"The expression of bitter taste receptors in mesenteric, cerebral and omental arteries","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0031","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Gustatory neural coding","volume":"48","author":"Ye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Korean J. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01691-7","article-title":"Detection and recognition thresholds for five basic tastes in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"20","author":"Kouzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.17340\/jkna.2016.3.1","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"34","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurol. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-0043","article-title":"Disease tracking markers for Alzheimer's Disease at the prodromal (MCI) stage","volume":"26","author":"Drago","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09578-3","article-title":"The association between neurocognitive disorders and gustatory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Mantovani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0036","series-title":"Mechanisms For the Sour Taste. In The Pharmacology of Taste Palmer RK, Servant G, Eds. Cham","first-page":"229","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0562-z","article-title":"Horizons in the evolution of aging","volume":"16","author":"Flatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.08.005","article-title":"Mediterranean diet: the role of long-chain \u03c9-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease","volume":"175","author":"Rom\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00018","article-title":"Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180468","article-title":"Dietary patterns and cognitive health in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165449","article-title":"Consumption simulations induce salivation to food cues","volume":"11","author":"Keesman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0042","first-page":"20211918","volume":"289","author":"Frank","year":"2022","journal-title":"The evolution of sour taste, Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0443-2","article-title":"Nutrition and dementia care: developing an evidence-based model for nutritional care in nursing homes","volume":"17","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-13-05136.1997","article-title":"A role for the right anterior temporal lobe in taste quality recognition","volume":"17","author":"Small","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0045","first-page":"146","article-title":"Defects in taste and smell recognition following temporal lobectomy","volume":"102","author":"Henkin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0046","series-title":"Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences: Discovering the Brain","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69113-7","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"368","author":"Blennow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.D. Terry, E. Masliah, D.P. Salmon, N. Butters, R. DeTeresa, R. Hill, L.A. Hansen, R. Katzman. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment, Ann. Neurol. 30 (1991) 572\u2013580, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410300410.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300410"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163792","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the mini-mental State examination-2 for detecting mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a Korean population","volume":"11","author":"Baek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425002483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938425002483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T04:31:04Z","timestamp":1780201864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938425002483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0031938425002483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gustatory function and cognitive impairment in the Korean elderly","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115047"}}