{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1789992914652,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-COM\/2644\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-COM\/2644\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:29:58Z","timestamp":1770506998000},"page":"115264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Corticosterone effects on aggression in a passerine species, the common waxbill Estrilda astrild"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Trigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz C.","family":"Saldanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2024.105654","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and behavior in non-human primates: a meta-analytic approach to unveil potential coping mechanisms","volume":"166","author":"Fiorini-Torrico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.03.008","article-title":"Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from bio medical research","volume":"19","author":"Romero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-12-S1-S7","article-title":"Endocrine mechanisms, behavioral phenotypes and plasticity: known relationships and open questions","volume":"12","author":"Hau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.02.013","article-title":"Actions of glucocorticoids at a seasonal baseline as compared to stress-related levels in the regulation of periodic life processes","volume":"148","author":"Landys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.04.017","article-title":"Stress and life history","volume":"24","author":"Monaghan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02578-8","article-title":"The physiology\/life history nexus","volume":"17","author":"Ricklefs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.11.025","article-title":"Individual variation in glucocorticoid stress responses in animals","volume":"181","author":"Cockrem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.02.021","article-title":"Corticosterone responses and personality in birds: individual variation and the ability to cope with environmental changes due to climate change","volume":"190","author":"Cockrem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/czoolo\/57.4.514","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness: a review","volume":"57","author":"Schoech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0010","series-title":"Coping With the Environment","first-page":"211","article-title":"Adrenocortical responses to stress and their modulation in free-living vertebrates","author":"Wingfield","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02091-7","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and cognitive function: a walkthrough in endogenous and exogenous alterations","volume":"46","author":"De Alcubierre","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00033-2","article-title":"Glucocorticoid regulation of diverse cognitive functions in normal and pathological emotional states","volume":"27","author":"Erickson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(86)90003-6","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone on territorial behavior of free-living male song sparrows Melospiza melodia","volume":"20","author":"Wingfield","year":"1986","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1086\/639564","article-title":"Corticosterone and the stress response in young western screech-owls: effects of captivity, gender, and activity period","volume":"70","author":"Dufty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0015","series-title":"Avian Physiology","first-page":"372","article-title":"Adrenals","author":"Ringer","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402320332","article-title":"Stress and adrenal function","volume":"232","author":"Harvey","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.67.2.30163862","article-title":"Adrenocortical response to stress in the common diving petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix","volume":"67","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2307\/3676661","article-title":"Interactions of corticosterone with feeding, activity and metabolism in passerine birds","volume":"23","author":"Astheimer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ornis. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90067-V","article-title":"Corticosterone, foraging behavior, and metabolism in dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis","volume":"79","author":"Gray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0020","first-page":"446","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors prevent rapid behavioral effects of corticosterone in rats","volume":"63","author":"Sandi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.03.027","article-title":"Contributions of endocrinology to the migration life history of birds","volume":"190","author":"Cornelius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0022","article-title":"Corticosterone and timing of migratory departure in a songbird","volume":"284","author":"Eikenaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90020-O","article-title":"Steroid specific regulation of agonistic responding in the anterior hypothalamus of male hamsters","volume":"150","author":"Hayden-Hixson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90502-F","article-title":"Social experience, behavior, and stress in guinea pigs","volume":"50","author":"Sachser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1976)2:1<1::AID-AB2480020102>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Some adrenal correlates of aggression in isolated female mice","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00030-2","article-title":"Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks","volume":"43","author":"Kitaysky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1997.00603.x","article-title":"Acute behavioural effects of corticosterone lack specificity but show marked context-dependency","volume":"9","author":"Haller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(87)90020-1","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone treatment on male aggressive behavior in a lizard (Anolis sagrei)","volume":"21","author":"Tokarz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000006627","article-title":"Short-term effects of fights for social dominance and the establishment of dominant-subordinate relationships on brain monoamines and cortisol in rainbow trout","volume":"54","author":"\u00d8verli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(80)90087-6","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone on submissiveness in mice: some temporal and theoretical considerations","volume":"24","author":"Leshner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(85)90034-0","article-title":"Steroid hormones and agonistic behavior in a cichlid teleost, Aequidens pulcher","volume":"19","author":"Munro","year":"1985","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80199-5","article-title":"Importance of androgens in male territorial acquisition in the lizard Anolis sagrei: an experimental test","volume":"49","author":"Tokarz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245339","article-title":"Behavioral and autonomic responses to intermittent social stress: differential protection by clonidine and metoprolol","volume":"116","author":"Tornatzky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90014-X","article-title":"Hormonal and neurochemical correlates of various forms of animal \u201caggression","volume":"17","author":"Brain","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.12.012","article-title":"Corticosterone responses differ between lines of great tits (Parus major) selected for divergent personalities","volume":"175","author":"Baugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(03)00065-5","article-title":"Fecal corticosteroids in a territorial bird selected for different personalities: daily rhythm and the response to social stress","volume":"43","author":"Carere","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.08.011","article-title":"Selection for fast and slow exploration affects baseline and stress-induced corticosterone excretion in great tit nestlings Parus major","volume":"58","author":"St\u00f6we","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.009","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview","volume":"19","author":"Sih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1086\/422893","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes: an integrative overview","volume":"79","author":"Sih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0175-8","article-title":"Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities","volume":"148","author":"Cockrem","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ornithol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/art034","article-title":"Personality traits are related to ecology across a biological invasion","volume":"24","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-018-2486-6","article-title":"Release from ecological constraint erases sex difference in social ornamentation","volume":"72","author":"Funghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. (Print)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0043","article-title":"Experimental evidence for a role of dopamine in avian personality traits","volume":"223","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2017.03.009","article-title":"Is the mirror test a valid measure of fish sociability?","volume":"127","author":"Cattelan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03394432","article-title":"Tonic immobility: the role of fear and predation","volume":"27","author":"Gallup","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychol. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1086\/420942","article-title":"Role of the low-affinity glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of behavior and energy metabolism in the migratory Red Knot Calidris canutus islandica","volume":"77","author":"Landys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Biochem. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00734","article-title":"The low-affinity glucocorticoid receptor regulates feeding and lipid breakdown in the migratory Gambel's white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii","volume":"207","author":"Landys","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12318","article-title":"Social dominance in a gregarious bird is related to body size but not to standard personality assays","volume":"121","author":"Funghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.11.010","article-title":"Territorial aggression in urban and rural Song Sparrows is correlated with corticosterone, but not testosterone","volume":"98","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1998.7128","article-title":"Non-invasive corticosterone treatment rapidly increases activity in Gambel\u2019s white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)","volume":"111","author":"Breuner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2004.11.004","article-title":"Collecting baseline corticosterone samples in the field: is under 3 min good enough?","volume":"140","author":"Romero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-020-2809-2","article-title":"Proactive common waxbills make fewer mistakes in a cognitive assay, the detour-reaching task","volume":"74","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. (Print)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars006","article-title":"Tonic immobility is a measure of boldness toward predators: an application of Bayesian structural equation modeling","volume":"23","author":"Edelaar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0054","first-page":"20","article-title":"Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility","volume":"618","author":"Nakayama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.10.008","article-title":"Behavioral phenotype predicts physiological responses to chronic stress in proactive and reactive birds","volume":"255","author":"Pusch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12584","article-title":"BORIS: a free, versatile open-source event-logging software for video\/audio coding and live observations","volume":"7","author":"Friard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.06.004","article-title":"Effects of repeated, short-term, corticosterone administration on the hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)","volume":"158","author":"Busch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.025","article-title":"Penetration enhancers","volume":"56","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.02.002","article-title":"The causative effects of corticosterone on innate immunity during the stress response in the House Sparrow, Passer domesticus","volume":"275","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2021.07.016","article-title":"Testosterone treatment produces sex-dependent effects in social dominance","volume":"179","author":"Beltr\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: an R Package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0062","series-title":"R: A language and Environment For statistical. Computing","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0065","unstructured":"Lenth R, Piaskowski J. 2025. emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 2.0.1. https:\/\/rvlenth.github.io\/emmeans\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2010.04.001","article-title":"Neuroendocrinology of coping styles: towards understanding the biology of individual variation","volume":"31","author":"Koolhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00026-3","article-title":"Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology","volume":"23","author":"Koolhaas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0068","series-title":"Sturkie\u2032s Avian Physiology","first-page":"769","article-title":"Stress in birds","volume":"2015","author":"Blas","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.12.1920","article-title":"Daily and photoperiod variations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness in Japanese quail selected for short or long tonic immobility","volume":"84","author":"Hazard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.02.004","article-title":"Photoperiodically-induced changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis sensitivity in captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"147","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-016-0151-3","article-title":"Diurnal variation in corticosterone release among wild tropical forest birds","volume":"13","author":"Schwabl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0072","series-title":"Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates","first-page":"129","article-title":"Chapter 5 - stress and reproduction in birds","author":"Breuner","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0673","article-title":"Corticosterone, testosterone and life-history strategies of birds","volume":"277","author":"Hau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600100230","article-title":"Dietary restriction causes chronic elevation of corticosterone and enhances stress response in red-legged kittiwake chicks","volume":"171","author":"Kitaysky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.06.007","article-title":"Speed of exploration and risk-taking behavior are linked to corticosterone titres in zebra finches","volume":"52","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.12.1839","article-title":"Relation between tonic immobility and production estimated by factorial correspondence analysis in Japanese quail","volume":"82","author":"Mignon-Grasteau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2012.02049.x","article-title":"Corticosterone, avoidance of novelty, risk-taking and aggression in a wild bird: no evidence for pleiotropic effects","volume":"118","author":"Garamszegi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.09.059","article-title":"Glucocorticoid interaction with aggression in non-mammalian vertebrates: reciprocal action","volume":"526","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.12.016","article-title":"Experimentally reducing corticosterone mitigates rapid captivity effects on behavior, but not body composition, in a wild bird","volume":"89","author":"Lattin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0625","article-title":"Corticosterone, body condition and locomotor activity: a model for dispersal in screech-owls","volume":"55","author":"Belthoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00020-X","article-title":"Integrating stress physiology, environmental change, and behavior in free-living sparrows","volume":"43","author":"Breuner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1571","article-title":"Rapid effects of corticosterone on cache recovery in mountain chickadees (Parus gambeli)","volume":"37","author":"Saldanha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0083","first-page":"211","article-title":"Effects of daily corticosterone injections upon plasma glucose, insulin, uric acid and electrolytes and food intake pattern in the chicken","volume":"10","author":"Simon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabete Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2551","article-title":"Long-term moderate elevation of corticosterone facilitates avian food-caching behaviour and enhances spatial memory","volume":"270","author":"Pravosudov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003193842600048X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003193842600048X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:13:17Z","timestamp":1779091997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003193842600048X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S003193842600048X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Corticosterone effects on aggression in a passerine species, the common waxbill Estrilda astrild","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115264","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115264"}}