{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:00:58Z","timestamp":1792450858264,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:57:33Z","timestamp":1776142653000},"page":"115344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on anxiety-like behavior and the possible protective role of L-carnitine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"312","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferhat","family":"Pekta\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7461-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcbra Tu\u011f\u00e7e","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekin","family":"\u00c7el\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4275-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Oklaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5689-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"A\u011fca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830515Y.0000000004","article-title":"Altered behavior of adult obese rats by monosodium L-glutamate neonatal treatment is related to hypercorticosteronemia and activation of hypothalamic ERK1 and ERK2","volume":"20","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.04.032","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate, a food additive, induces depressive-like and anxiogenic-like behaviors in young rats","volume":"107","author":"Quines","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.114822","article-title":"Impact of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on learning, memory, and DNA damage: sex-based comparative study in rats","volume":"292","author":"Altintas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01669-4","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to monosodium glutamate induces cell death and dendritic hypotrophy in rat prefrontocortical pyramidal neurons","volume":"297","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Burgos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.07.007","article-title":"Neonatal monosodium glutamate administration disrupts place learning and alters hippocampal-prefrontal learning-related theta activity in the adult rat","volume":"414","author":"Lopez-Vazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-025-00733-7","article-title":"The effect of naringin on cognitive-behavioral functions, CREB\/BDNF signaling, cholinergic activity, and neuronal density in the hippocampus of an MSG-induced obesity rat model","volume":"43","author":"Alijani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1247422","article-title":"Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the pathogenesis of stress-related brain diseases","volume":"16","author":"Numakawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19675","article-title":"The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders","volume":"9","author":"Kayode","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.04.032","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate, a food additive, induces depressive-like and anxiogenic-like behaviors in young rats","volume":"107","author":"Quines","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2288-7","article-title":"L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine roles and neuroprotection in developing brain","volume":"42","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113853","article-title":"Protective effects of L-carnitine against valproic acid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in adult rat","volume":"253","author":"Nouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176879","article-title":"Protective effects of L-carnitine against beta-amyloid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"982","author":"Tork","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-04000-z","article-title":"L-carnitine and acetyl-L carnitine: a possibility for treating alterations induced by obesity in the Central nervous system","volume":"48","author":"da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03749-0","article-title":"The protective effect of L-carnitine on testosterone synthesis pathway, and spermatogenesis in monosodium glutamate-induced rats","volume":"22","author":"Koohpeyma","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.04.004","article-title":"L-carnitine prevents memory impairment induced by chronic REM-sleep deprivation","volume":"131","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2288-7","article-title":"L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine roles and neuroprotection in developing brain","volume":"42","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14040389","article-title":"A four-week high-fat diet induces anxiolytic-like behaviors through mature BDNF in the mPFC of mice","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02364-4","article-title":"The effects of L-carnitine on renal function and gene expression of caspase-9 and bcl-2 in monosodium glutamate-induced rats","volume":"22","author":"Koohpeyma","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01539-4","article-title":"The protective efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter perturbations, and apoptosis induced by monosodium glutamate in the brain of male rats","volume":"40","author":"Essawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnim.2018.07.002","article-title":"The correction of the metabolic parameters of msg-induced obesity in rats by 2- [4-(benzyloxy) phenoxy] acetic acid","volume":"13","author":"Konopelniuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Intermed. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05821-y","article-title":"The neurotherapeutic role of a selenium-functionalized quinoline in hypothalamic obese rats","volume":"238","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.44","article-title":"The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents","volume":"2","author":"Walf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(79)90366-2","article-title":"Immobility induced by forced swimming in rats: effects of agents which modify central catecholamine and serotonin activity","volume":"57","author":"Porsolt","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0024","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates: Hard Cover Edition","author":"Paxinos","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3880","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0025","first-page":"719","article-title":"Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate","volume":"164","author":"Olney","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(76)90268-9","article-title":"Effects of monosodium glutamate on somatic development, obesity and activity in the mouse","volume":"5","author":"Pizzi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab025","article-title":"Arcuate nucleus-dependent regulation of metabolism-pathways to obesity and diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Jais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0028","first-page":"879","article-title":"Effects of oral administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on obesity in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)","volume":"5","author":"Rahayu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Med.: J. Biomed. Transl. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.02.006","article-title":"Obesity induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate impairs microvascular reactivity in adult rats: role of NO and prostanoids","volume":"21","author":"Lobato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000153","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 may associated with the anti-obesity effect of taurine on rats induced by arcuate nucleus lesion","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0116","article-title":"Homeostastic model assessment and insulin sensitivity\/resistance","volume":"63","author":"Radziuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1997000500016","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats develop glucose intolerance and insulin resistance to peripheral glucose uptake","volume":"30","author":"Hirata","year":"1997","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04486-0","article-title":"Visseral lipectomy improves metabolic syndrome parameters and adipokines in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by monosodium glutamate","volume":"49","author":"Tunc-Ata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1371-6","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate-associated alterations in open field, anxiety-related and conditioned place preference behaviours in mice","volume":"390","author":"Onaolapo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeb. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00584-6","article-title":"Effect of neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate on dopaminergic and l-DOPA-ergic neurons of the medial basal hypothalamus and on prolactin and MSH secretion of rats","volume":"55","author":"Bodn\u00e1r","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(85)91211-7","article-title":"Neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate does not alter grooming behavior induced by novelty or adrenocorticotropic hormone","volume":"44","author":"Dunn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_9","article-title":"The open field test for measuring locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior","volume":"1916","author":"Kraeuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2006.02.001","article-title":"Individual differences in anxiety trait are related to spatial learning abilities and hippocampal expression of mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"86","author":"Herrero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03261931","article-title":"Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects","volume":"51","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw035","article-title":"Chronic repetitive mild traumatic brain injury results in reduced cerebral blood flow, axonal injury, gliosis, and increased T-tau and tau oligomers","volume":"75","author":"Ojo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03261931","article-title":"Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects","volume":"51","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03623.x","article-title":"The action of acetyl-L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity evoked by amyloid fragments and peroxide on primary rat cortical neurones","volume":"939","author":"Virmani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6503162","article-title":"Coping with the forced swim stressor: towards understanding an adaptive mechanism","volume":"2016","author":"de Kloet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0044","series-title":"The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forced swimming test","author":"Ming","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.016","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate (MSG): a villain and promoter of liver inflammation and dysplasia","volume":"30","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2214","article-title":"Nitric oxide in the central nervous system: neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.1999.0933","article-title":"Effect of carnitine on muscular glutamate uptake and intramuscular glutathione in malignant diseases","volume":"82","author":"Breitkreutz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0048","first-page":"153","article-title":"Mechanisms of ischemic neuroprotection by acetyl-L-carnitine","volume":"1053","author":"Zanelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004596","article-title":"Effect of intraperitoneal acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on anxiety-like behaviours in rats","volume":"8","author":"Levine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-025-04723-z","article-title":"Histopathological and biochemical evaluation of the effects of monosodium glutamate on cognitive memory and brain functions in rats","volume":"251","author":"Erkartal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0051","article-title":"Light microscopic features of the prefrontal cortices of adult male albino rats treated with Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extract following monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Kuany","year":"2025","journal-title":"East Afr. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01545-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine towards oxidative stress and inflammatory processes: a review of its importance as a therapeutic drug in some disorders","volume":"40","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112139","article-title":"L-carnitine protects cardiac damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response via inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction","volume":"143","author":"Emran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030363","article-title":"Anti-tnf\u03b1 and Anti-IL-1\u03b2 monoclonal antibodies preserve BV-2 microglial homeostasis under hypoxia by mitigating inflammatory reactivity and ATF4\/MAPK-mediated apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1058","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140724","article-title":"Nephroprotective potential of carnitine against glycerol and contrast-induced kidney injury in rats through modulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis","volume":"89","author":"Kunak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426001289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426001289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:30:33Z","timestamp":1778142633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938426001289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0031938426001289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on anxiety-like behavior and the possible protective role of L-carnitine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115344","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115344"}}