{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:55:07Z","timestamp":1786136107454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Community of Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V1159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V1159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-152807NA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152807NA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007511","name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-152807NA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152807NA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:24:23Z","timestamp":1780759463000},"page":"115416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dissociating behavioral, neural and experiential effects of prefrontal HD-tDCS during conflict resolution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"315","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar\u00edas","family":"Holgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Mart\u00edn-Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan A.","family":"Bekinschtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-del-Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Luque-Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167","article-title":"An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.09.032","article-title":"Conflict detection and resolution rely on a combination of common and distinct cognitive control networks","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-016-0004-1","article-title":"tDCS-induced effects on executive functioning and their cognitive mechanisms: a review","volume":"1","author":"Strobach","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Enhanc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.013","article-title":"The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on executive functioning in healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"de Boer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0005","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","first-page":"239","article-title":"Chapter 16 - noninvasive brain stimulation and brain oscillations","author":"Rossi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.400","article-title":"Quantitative review finds no evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"8","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimulat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.11.005","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters the pattern of information processing in children with ADHD: evidence from drift diffusion modeling","volume":"52","author":"Nejati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metip.2021.100074","article-title":"DMCfun: an R package for fitting Diffusion Model of Conflict (DMC) to reaction time and error rate data","volume":"5","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12715","article-title":"Staying in control: characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in high and low arousal states","volume":"115","author":"Alameda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00270","article-title":"Change in mean frequency of resting-State electroencephalography after transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Boonstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24405","article-title":"tDCS modulates behavioral performance and the neural oscillatory dynamics serving visual selective attention","volume":"40","author":"McDermott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.069","article-title":"On the relationship between cortical excitability and visual oscillatory responses - A concurrent tDCS-MEG study","volume":"140","author":"Marshall","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4022-x","article-title":"Use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive training: effect of timing of stimulation","volume":"232","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005","article-title":"Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad","volume":"2","author":"Datta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Stimulat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92670-6","article-title":"Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"da Silva Machado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105670","article-title":"A measure centrality index for systematic empirical comparison of consciousness theories","volume":"161","author":"Chis-Ciure","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae347","article-title":"Breathwork-induced psychedelic experiences modulate neural dynamics","volume":"34","author":"Lewis-Healey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30639-3","article-title":"Sensory modality defines the relation between EEG Lempel\u2013Ziv diversity and meaningfulness of a stimulus","volume":"13","author":"Or\u0142owski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.04.015","article-title":"Neurovascular-modulation: a review of primary vascular responses to transcranial electrical stimulation as a mechanism of action","volume":"14","author":"Bahr-Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimulat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95639-7","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on effort during a working-memory task","volume":"11","author":"Framorando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Jachs, M.C. Garcia, A. Canales-Johnson, T.A. Bekinschtein, Drawing the experience dynamics of meditation, (2022) 2022.03.04.482237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.03.04.482237.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.04.482237"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00453","article-title":"The importance of sample size for reproducibility of tDCS effects","volume":"10","author":"Minarik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09627-x","article-title":"The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the cognitive functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Narmashiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.022","article-title":"Intra-individual variability in the response to anodal transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"126","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.07.036","article-title":"An integrative clustering approach to tDCS Individual response variability in cognitive performance: beyond a null effect on working memory","volume":"443","author":"Luque-Casado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.015","article-title":"What do you feel if I apply transcranial electric stimulation? Safety, sensations and secondary induced effects","volume":"126","author":"Fertonani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282387","article-title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates performance and alpha\/beta parieto-frontal connectivity serving fluid intelligence","volume":"599","author":"Arif","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.034","article-title":"The electric field in the cortex during transcranial current stimulation","volume":"70","author":"Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.002","article-title":"Optimization of multifocal transcranial current stimulation for weighted cortical pattern targeting from realistic modeling of electric fields","volume":"89","author":"Ruffini","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68755-z","article-title":"The role of chronotype in the interaction between the alerting and the executive control networks","volume":"10","author":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027875","article-title":"The relationship between alertness and executive control","volume":"38","author":"Weinbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution \u2013 a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","author":"Storn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v040.i06","article-title":"DEoptim: an R package for Global optimization by differential evolution","volume":"40","author":"Mullen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003004","article-title":"The correction of eye blink artefacts in the EEG: a comparison of two prominent methods","volume":"3","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.36.842","article-title":"Easily calculable measure for the complexity of spatiotemporal patterns","volume":"36","author":"Kaspar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0037","article-title":"Framework for easy statistical modeling, visualization, and reporting","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2022","journal-title":"CRAN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v061.i06","article-title":"NbClust: an R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set","volume":"61","author":"Charrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15191.2","article-title":"Raincloud plots: a multi-platform tool for robust data visualization [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.022","article-title":"Effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive function: methodological considerations revealed by meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Imburgio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.11.005","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters the pattern of information processing in children with ADHD: evidence from drift diffusion modeling","volume":"52","author":"Nejati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00967","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation does not influence the speed\u2013Accuracy tradeoff in perceptual decision-making: evidence from three independent studies","volume":"28","author":"de Hollander","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.1.1","article-title":"Interference resolution: insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks","volume":"7","author":"Nee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210873","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left prefrontal cortex does not affect time-trial self-paced cycling performance: evidence from oscillatory brain activity and power output","volume":"14","author":"Holgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos. One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6761","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac540","article-title":"The mitigation of the executive vigilance decrement via HD-tDCS over the right posterior parietal cortex and its association with neural oscillations","volume":"33","author":"Hemmerich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055501","article-title":"On the complexity of finite sequences","volume":"22","author":"Lempel","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S449173","article-title":"Attention and interoception alter perceptual and neural pain signatures-a case study","volume":"Volume 17","author":"Niedernhuber","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416_bib0048","first-page":"12","article-title":"The importance of individual beliefs in assessing treatment efficacy: insights from neurostimulation studies","author":"Fassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["Physiology & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426002003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426002003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:17:57Z","timestamp":1786133877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938426002003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0031938426002003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissociating behavioral, neural and experiential effects of prefrontal HD-tDCS during conflict resolution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115416","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115416"}}