{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:55:14Z","timestamp":1786136114521,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1781019615000},"page":"115419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding morphine influence on gut health and depression: Evidence from a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Kianoosh","family":"Ferdosnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilnur","family":"Salafutdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Khaiboullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Saber","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Tarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.25215\/0501.057","article-title":"Drug addiction: current trends and management","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Indian Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0267-1","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for implementation of substance misuse interventions in conflict-affected populations","volume":"15","author":"Greene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harm. Reduct. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0003","article-title":"Morphine Sulfate: clinical applications and pharmacological considerations","volume":"10","author":"Karunarathna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Uva Clin. Lab."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174302","article-title":"The mechanisms involved in morphine addiction: an overview","volume":"20","author":"Listos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.10.029","article-title":"Molecular basis of opioid receptor signaling","volume":"186","author":"Che","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"193","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0006","first-page":"38","article-title":"Importance of gut microbiota and epigenetic modifications in maintaining health or diseases","volume":"30","author":"Tarashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Maz. Univ. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70030","article-title":"Understanding the impact of the gut microbiome on opioid use disorder: pathways, mechanisms, and treatment insights","volume":"17","author":"Kazemian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-04669-w","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic inflammation in morphine dependence and withdrawal: insights from a rat model","author":"Yousefi","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105640","article-title":"The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Barrio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000444066","article-title":"Physiological role of gut microbiota for maintaining human health","volume":"93","author":"Andoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.200","article-title":"Brain\u2013gut\u2013microbiota axis\u2014mood, metabolism and behaviour","volume":"14","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21915-8","article-title":"Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000421","article-title":"Physiological response to opioids","volume":"62","author":"Tyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Obs. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13114","article-title":"Opioid withdrawal symptoms, a consequence of chronic opioid use and opioid use disorder: Current understanding and approaches to management","volume":"45","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-01034.2002","article-title":"Chronic morphine treatment modulates the extracellular levels of endogenous enkephalins in rat brain structures involved in opiate dependence: a microdialysis study","volume":"22","author":"Nieto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.021","article-title":"Impaired emotional-like behavior and serotonergic function during protracted abstinence from chronic morphine","volume":"69","author":"Goeldner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504241264994","article-title":"Impact of morphine withdrawal on genes related to the TLR2 pathway expressed in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"107","author":"Truitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187257","article-title":"Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant","volume":"93","author":"Willner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1197-5","article-title":"Disbiome database: linking the microbiome to disease","volume":"18","author":"Janssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10081815","article-title":"Pain and opioid-induced gut microbial dysbiosis","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0021","unstructured":"Searles C. The impact of perinatal morphine exposure on alcohol reward & anhedonia in rats. 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0022","series-title":"Long-Term Impacts of Bupropion Exposure During Critical Developmental Periods on Reward Learning","author":"Smith","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0023","article-title":"Progress in the study of intestinal microbiota involved in morphine tolerance","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0024","first-page":"107","article-title":"The effect of sucrose consumption on eating behavior and depression during morphine withdrawal period in rats","volume":"17","author":"Aslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. J. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1946368","article-title":"Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"13","author":"Cruz-Lebr\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0026","series-title":"The Contributions of the Gut Microbiome in Somatic Morphine Withdrawal","author":"Truitt","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108327","article-title":"Interactions between NSAIDs, opioids and the gut microbiota-future perspectives in the management of inflammation and pain","volume":"241","author":"Z\u00e1dori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opioid use, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and the nervous system","author":"Jalodia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0029","article-title":"Perinatal morphine exposure induces long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota of male and female rats","author":"Harder","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01223-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory response in reward-associated psychostimulants and opioids: a review","volume":"43","author":"Karimi-Haghighi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","article-title":"Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve","volume":"108","author":"Bravo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1015175","article-title":"Recognizing the role of the vagus nerve in depression from microbiota-gut brain axis","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00044","article-title":"Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain\u2013gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders","volume":"9","author":"Breit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.07.010","article-title":"Opioids inhibit visceral afferent activation of catecholamine neurons in the solitary tract nucleus","volume":"222","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.974949","article-title":"Neferine alleviates chronic stress-induced depression by regulating monoamine neurotransmitter secretion and gut microbiota structure","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100973","article-title":"Major depressive disorder and the gut microbiome: what is the link?","volume":"36","author":"Modesto Lowe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2&3","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000538","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in opioid use","volume":"31","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.09.010","article-title":"Gut microbiota and the role of probiotics in therapy","volume":"11","author":"Quigley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70060","article-title":"Probiotic intervention mitigates behavioural effects of maternal morphine exposure in offspring","volume":"85","author":"Sadeghi-Adl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Physiology &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426002039?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031938426002039?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:19:15Z","timestamp":1786133955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031938426002039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0031938426002039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9384","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding morphine influence on gut health and depression: Evidence from a rat model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physiology & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115419","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115419"}}