{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:15:19Z","timestamp":1790727319310,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["191000913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["191000913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T17:28:54Z","timestamp":1690565334000},"page":"113798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An updated review on distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of artemisinin: A wonder drug"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Neelofer","family":"Nabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4807-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peer","family":"Saffeullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38871","article-title":"Artemisinin, a novel anti-malarial drug: biochemical and molecular approach for enhanced production","volume":"69","author":"Abdin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.04.045","article-title":"Effect of irradiated sodium alginate and phosphorus on biomass and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua","volume":"110","author":"Aftab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2025803","article-title":"Assessment of artemisinin and antioxidant activities of three wild Artemisia species of Algeria","volume":"36","author":"Ahmed-Laloui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-011-1099-6","article-title":"Over-expression of HMG-CoA reductase and amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase genes in Artemisia annua L. and its influence on artemisinin content","volume":"30","author":"Alam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4390-8","article-title":"Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extract in broiler chickens","volume":"38","author":"Arab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib4","series-title":"Malaria Control and Elimination. Methods Mol Biol Vol 2013","article-title":"An update on artemisinin resistance","author":"Ariey","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-015-1972-5","article-title":"Dual symbiosis between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum enhances the artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L","volume":"32","author":"Arora","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Production of the antileukemic agent in untransformed and untransformed root cultures of Artemisia cina","volume":"8","author":"Aryanti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annales Bogorienses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030181q","article-title":"Structure\u2212 activity relationships of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. Design, synthesis, and comfa studies toward the development of artemisinin-based drugs against leishmaniasis and malaria","volume":"46","author":"Avery","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2011.06.005","article-title":"Synergistic effect of Glomus mosseae and nitrogen fixing Bacillus subtilis strain Daz26 on artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L","volume":"49","author":"Awasthi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010100","article-title":"Increasing the strength and production of artemisinin and its derivatives","volume":"23","author":"Badshah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.06.061","article-title":"Yield enhancement strategies for artemisinin production by suspension cultures of Artemisia annua","volume":"99","author":"Baldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-010-9775-8","article-title":"Overexpression of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) gene affected artemisinin content and growth of Artemisia annua L","volume":"103","author":"Banyai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-010-9510-9","article-title":"Enhancement of artemisinin content and biomass in Artemisia annua by exogenous GA3 treatment","volume":"63","author":"Banyai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Growth Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19","volume":"5","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)73532-5","article-title":"New synthetic strategies towards (+)-artemisinin","volume":"35","author":"Bhonsle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.01.008","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of artemisinin and flavonoids of several extracts of Artemisia annua L. obtained from a commercial sample and a selected cultivar","volume":"13","author":"Bilia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11824","article-title":"T-helper-1-cell cytokines drive cancer into senescence","volume":"494","author":"Braum\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-003-0751-4","article-title":"Antimalarial dihydroartemisinin also inhibits angiogenesis","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11816-012-0262-z","article-title":"The stacked over-expression of FPS, CYP71AV1 and CPR genes leads to the increase of artemisinin level in Artemisia annua L","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib19","article-title":"Artesunate induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenesis of leukemia","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.07.018","article-title":"The unique antiviral activity of artesunate is broadly effective against human cytomegaloviruses including therapy-resistant mutants","volume":"92","author":"Chou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2008.10.001","article-title":"Making artemisinin","volume":"69","author":"Covello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00641","article-title":"Detailed phytochemical analysis of high-and low artemisinin-producing chemotypes of Artemisia annua","volume":"9","author":"Czechowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-013-0389-x","article-title":"Effects of nanoliposomal and pegylated nanoliposomal artemisin in treatment of breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Dadgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-016-1778-5","article-title":"The pharmacological activities and mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcp126","article-title":"Enhancement of artemisinin concentration and yield in response to optimization of nitrogen and potassium supply to Artemisia annua","volume":"104","author":"Davies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17292-4","article-title":"Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"De Biasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-408","article-title":"Identification of inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte development","volume":"12","author":"Duffy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyer O. Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m4057.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4057"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00502-09","article-title":"Artemisone and artemiside control acute and reactivated toxoplasmosis in a murine model","volume":"53","author":"Dunay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.15806\/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0036","article-title":"Artemisinin\u2013second career as anticancer drug?","volume":"1","author":"Efferth","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Trad Chinese Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.02.009","article-title":"From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy","volume":"46","author":"Efferth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Boil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib30","first-page":"767","article-title":"The anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer","volume":"18","author":"Efferth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0492","article-title":"Activity of drugs from traditional Chinese medicine toward sensitive and MDR1-or MRP1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells","volume":"28","author":"Efferth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.023","article-title":"Enhancement of cytotoxicity of artemisinins toward cancer cells by ferrous iron","volume":"37","author":"Efferth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.023","article-title":"Enhancement of cytotoxicity of artemisinins toward cancer cells by ferrous iron","volume":"37","author":"Efferth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1101","article-title":"Analysis of underivatized artemisinin and related sesquiterpene lactones by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection","volume":"20","author":"Ferreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399409001239","article-title":"Anticancer activities of artemisinin and its bioactive derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Firestone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1021\/np050074u","article-title":"Antifungal activity of artemisinin derivatives","volume":"68","author":"Galal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040538","article-title":"Biotechnological interventions for ginsenosides production","volume":"10","author":"Gantait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112044","article-title":"Artemisinin-derived hybrids and their anticancer activity","volume":"188","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.032","article-title":"Antimalarial artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) and COVID-19 in Africa: in vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by mefloquine-artesunate","volume":"99","author":"Gendrot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib199","unstructured":"Ghellal, A., Li, C., Hayes, M., Byrne, G., Bundred, N., Kumar, S., 2000. Prognostic significance of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 in human breast carcinoma. Anticancer Research, 20 (6B), 4413-4418."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(96)04558-X","article-title":"Genetic transformation of Artemisia annua by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and artemisinin synthesis in transformed cultures","volume":"122","author":"Ghosh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31824a67c9","article-title":"Selective radiosensitization of human cervical cancer cells and normal cells by artemisinin through the abrogation of radiation-induced G2 block","volume":"22","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib45","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effects of transferrin conjugates of artemisinin and artemisinin dimer on breast cancer cell lines","volume":"33","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2010.01.014","article-title":"Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate but not Rose Bengal enhance artemisinin production through invoking burst of endogenous singlet oxygen","volume":"178","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6587","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.210047","article-title":"Artesunate activates mitochondrial apoptosis in breast cancer cells via iron-catalyzed lysosomal reactive oxygen species production","volume":"286","author":"Hamacher-Brady","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4039(93)88052-K","article-title":"A total synthesis of the antimarial natural product (+)-qinghaosu","volume":"34","author":"Hsing-Jang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett Jul"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02673.x","article-title":"Reflections on the \u2018discovery\u2019of the antimalarial qinghao","volume":"61","author":"Hsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Charmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/pr6100181","article-title":"Systematic and model-assisted process design for the extraction and purification of frtemisinin from Artemisia annua L.\u2014part iv: crystallization","volume":"6","author":"Huter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01966","article-title":"A review of biotechnological artemisinin production in plants","volume":"18","author":"Ikram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2010.12.011","article-title":"Impact of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on artemisinin content and yield in Artemisia annua L","volume":"33","author":"Jha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5073","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2019.1690480","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids","volume":"35","author":"Jo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-018-2432-9","article-title":"Biotechnological approaches for artemisinin production in Artemisia","volume":"34","author":"Kayani","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000798","article-title":"Role of transferrin receptor and the ABC transporters ABCB6 and ABCB7 for resistance and differentiation of tumor cells towards artesunate","volume":"2","author":"Kelter","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00616.x","article-title":"Multiple roles for CD4+ T cells in anti\u2010tumor immune responses","volume":"222","author":"Kennedy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib185","series-title":"The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on chlorophyll and artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L","first-page":"1","author":"Keshavarzi","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-014-9607-3","article-title":"Development of efficient miniprep transformation methods for Artemisia annua using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. in vitro","volume":"50","author":"Kiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Dev. Biol. Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/482\/1\/012028","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 system for disruption of biochemical pathway for sterol synthesis in Artemisia annua L","volume":"482","author":"Koerniati","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib65","first-page":"19","article-title":"Artemisinin and its synthetic derivatives as a possible therapy for cancer","volume":"6","author":"Konstat-Korzenny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.07.004","article-title":"Artemisinins: their growing importance in medicine","volume":"29","author":"Krishna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21590","article-title":"Artesunate suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of colorectal cancer","volume":"80","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00213-X","article-title":"The iron metabolism of neoplastic cells: alterations that facilitate proliferation?","volume":"42","author":"Kwok","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol.-Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.9.5.995","article-title":"Targeted treatment of cancer with artemisinin and artemisinin-tagged iron-carrying compounds","volume":"9","author":"Lai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.08.020","article-title":"Effects of artemisinin-tagged holotransferrin on cancer cells","volume":"76","author":"Lai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201107446","article-title":"Continuous\u2010flow synthesis of the anti\u2010malaria drug artemisinin","volume":"51","author":"L\u00e9vesque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew ChemInt Ed Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0478-3","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-015-0980-z","article-title":"Artemisia annua glandular secretory trichomes: the biofactory of antimalarial agent artemisinin","volume":"61","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105048","article-title":"Global research on artemisinin and its derivatives: perspectives from patents","volume":"159","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25678","article-title":"Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: the mystery and the miracle","volume":"92","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Medical Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib181","first-page":"407","article-title":"Response of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in wondo response of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in Wondo Genet and Koka, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Lulie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.07.004","article-title":"A genome-wide scenario of terpene pathways in self-pollinated Artemisia annua","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-014-0614-3","article-title":"Arbuscular mycorrhiza increase artemisinin accumulation in Artemisia annua by higher expression of key biosynthesis genes via enhanced jasmonic acid levels","volume":"25","author":"Mandal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycorrhiza"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-310","article-title":"Survey of artemisinin production by diverse Artemisia species in northern Pakistan","volume":"9","author":"Mannan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-011-1010-6","article-title":"Effects of vegetative and flowering stages on the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia species","volume":"34","author":"Mannan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1176","article-title":"Involvement of the mitochondrial pathway and Bim\/Bcl-2 balance in dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Mao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(96)00054-6","article-title":"Cloning and analysis of a cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Artemisia annua","volume":"172","author":"Matsushita","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1962","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase, a key enzyme of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L","volume":"381","author":"Mercke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0457-2016","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of Artemisia annua L. leaves powder and its potential usefulness in the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans","volume":"50","author":"Mesa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.11.001","article-title":"Activity of Artemisia annua and artemisinin derivatives in prostate carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Michaelsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e328336f57b","article-title":"Effect of artemisinin derivatives on apoptosis and cell cycle in prostate cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Morrissey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anti-cancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a003277","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a003277","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 biology in mammary development and breast cancer","volume":"3","author":"Moses","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-016-1008-y","article-title":"Artemisinin-based antimalarial research: application of biotechnology to the production of artemisinin, its mode of action, and the mechanism of resistance of Plasmodium parasites","volume":"70","author":"Muangphrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Medicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.10.014","article-title":"Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Munyangi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.12.002","article-title":"Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions vs. artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a large scale, double blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"Munyangi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-020-10140-6","article-title":"Responses of in vitro cell cultures to elicitation: regulatory role of jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate: a review. in vitro","volume":"57","author":"Nabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Dev. Biol. Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11816-010-0156-x","article-title":"Enhancement of artemisinin content by constitutive expression of the HMG-CoA reductase gene in high-yielding strain of Artemisia annua L","volume":"5","author":"Nafis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1021\/np50045a021","article-title":"Production of artemisinin in tissue cultures of Artemisia annua","volume":"49","author":"Nair","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114016","article-title":"Artemisia annua L. extracts inhibit the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 and two of its variants","volume":"274","author":"Nair","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/23312025.2018.1513312","article-title":"A review of various efforts to increase artemisinin and other antimalarial compounds in Artemisia annua L. plant","volume":"4","author":"Namuli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogent Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.06.027","article-title":"Artemisinin content and DNA profiling of Artemisia species of Manipur","volume":"125","author":"Nganthoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-011-9343-x","article-title":"Trichomes+ roots+ ROS= artemisinin: regulating artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. in Vitro","volume":"47","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Dev. Biol. Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6010023","article-title":"Assessment of artemisinin contents in selected Artemisia species from Tajikistan (central Asia)","volume":"6","author":"Numonov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01651-8","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of Artemisia extracts against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"18","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.12966\/irjh.04.01.2014","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on growth, yield, essential oil and artemisinin of Artemisia annua L. plant","volume":"2","author":"Omer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Res J Hortic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00576-5","article-title":"Artemisia and Artemisia-based products for COVID-19 management: current state and future perspective","volume":"23","author":"Orege","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Tradit Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15031705","volume":"15","author":"O'Neill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paddon, CJ, Westfall, PJ, Pitera, DJ, Benjamin, K., Fisher, K., McPhee, D., ... & Gaucher, SP (2013). Geistlinger T. Henry R, Hepp M, Horning T, Iqbal T, Jiang H, Kizer L, Lieu B, Melis D, Moss N, Regentin R, Secrest S, Tsuruta H, Vazquez R, Westblade LF, Xu L, Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Lievense J, Covello PS, Keasling JD, Reiling KK, Renninger NS, Newman JD. High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin. Nature , 496 (7446), 528\u201332.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12051"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-013-0413-0","article-title":"Short term UV-B radiation-mediated transcriptional responses and altered secondary metabolism of in vitro propagated plantlets of Artemisia annua L","volume":"116","author":"Pandey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib188","series-title":"Mass production of artemisinin using hairy root cultivation of Artemisia annua in bioreactor. Bioprocessing of Plant In Vitro Systems","author":"Patra","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0757","article-title":"Coronavirus infections\u2014more than just the common cold","volume":"323","author":"Paules","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.08.043","article-title":"Direct analysis of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector","volume":"1133","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/530390a","article-title":"Synthetic malaria drug meets market resistance","volume":"530","author":"Peplow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib105","author":"Poisson-Benatouil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Action of Artemisia annua on adaptive immunity in COVID-19 infections. A concept note"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib106","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Targeting distinct tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells by inhibiting CSF-1 receptor: combating tumor evasion of antiangiogenic therapy","volume":"115","author":"Priceman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1165","article-title":"Resting dendritic cells induce peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance through PD-1 and CTLA-4","volume":"l6","author":"Probst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.07.077","article-title":"Expression of artemisinin biosynthesis genes in eight Artemisia species at three developmental stages","volume":"76","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapparini, F., Llusi\u00e0, J., Pe\u00f1uelas, J., 2007. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization on terpene emission and content of Artemisia annua L. Plant Biology, e20-e32. doi:10.1055\/s-2007-964963.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-964963"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)94621-5","article-title":"Stereoselective synthesis of artemisinin","volume":"31","author":"Ravindranathan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Letters"},{"issue":"7086","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04640","article-title":"Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast","volume":"440","author":"Ro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-020-09264-4","article-title":"Amenability of indigenous genotypes of cabbage to scavenge and accumulate nitrogen: importance of staggered application and root morphology","volume":"63","author":"Saffeullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00341a054","article-title":"Total synthesis of qinghaosu","volume":"105","author":"Schmid","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2009.10.015","article-title":"Artemisinin biosynthesis in growing plants of Artemisia annua. A 13CO2 study","volume":"71","author":"Schramek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry (Elsevier)"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1796809","article-title":"In-silico studies of antimalarial-agent artemisinin and derivatives portray more potent binding to Lys353 and lys31-binding hotspots of SARS-COV-2 spike protein than hydroxychloroquine: Potential repurposing of Artenimol for covid-19","volume":"39","author":"Sehailia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47364-0","article-title":"Artemisinin triggers induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"56","author":"Sen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-013-1263-y","article-title":"Marked enhancement in the artemisinin content and biomass productivity in Artemisia annua L. shoots co-cultivated with Piriformospora indica","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2015.69162","article-title":"Screening of different Artemisia spp. from western ghats of Maharashtra for an anti-malarial compound\u2014artemisinin","volume":"6","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0932636100","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b2 signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis","volume":"100","author":"Siegel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib115","first-page":"368","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition on herb, oil and artemisinin yield of Artemisia annua under semi-arid tropical condition","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Medicinal Aromat Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12476","article-title":"Expression of \u03b2\u2010glucosidase increases trichome density and artemisinin content in transgenic Artemisia annua plants","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113707","article-title":"Determination of bioactive compounds of Artemisia Spp. plant extracts by LC\u2013MS\/MS technique and their in-vitro anti-adipogenic activity screening","volume":"193","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113638","article-title":"In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin","volume":"268","author":"Snider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410310001620556","article-title":"Progress in the research of artemisinin and its analogues as antimalarials: an update","volume":"18","author":"Sriram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib174","first-page":"3081","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Artemisia pallens","volume":"2","author":"Suresh","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318899","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression","volume":"112","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00308-8","article-title":"Differential accumulation of isoprenoids in glanded and glandless Artemisia annua L","volume":"52","author":"Tellez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochemistry (Elsevier)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib123","first-page":"37","article-title":"Effects of environmental factors on growth and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L","volume":"22","author":"Thu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Life Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-014-0024-4","article-title":"Differential effect of artemisinin against cancer cell lines","volume":"4","author":"Tilaoui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Prod Bioprospect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-007-0420-x","article-title":"Evidence of artemisinin production from IPP stemming from both the mevalonate and the nonmevalonate pathways","volume":"26","author":"Towler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2015.06.007","article-title":"From T cell \u201cexhaustion\u201d to anti-cancer immunity","volume":"1865","author":"Verdeil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Canc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231590","article-title":"Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Artemisia annua L. and regeneration of transgenic plants","volume":"15","author":"Vergauwe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2013.05.057","article-title":"Synthesis of artemisinin dimers using the Ugi reaction and their invitro efficacy on breast cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib128","first-page":"214","article-title":"Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on artemisinin biosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Artemisia annua L","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.11.011","article-title":"Artemisinin, the magic drug discovered from traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.11.011","article-title":"Artemisinin, the magic drug discovered from traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.09.023","volume":"519","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wani, K.I, Choudhary, S., Zehra, A., Naeem, M., Weathers, P., Aftab, T., 2021. Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches. Planta , 254 , 1\u201315. doi: 10.1007\/s00425-021-03676-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-021-03676-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00149632","article-title":"Artemisinin production by transformed roots of Artemisia annua","author":"Weathers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-010-9166-0","article-title":"Artemisinin production in Artemisia annua: studies in planta and results of a novel delivery method for treating malaria and other neglected diseases","volume":"10","author":"Weathers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib136","series-title":"Artemisia Annua. - Pharmacology and Biotechnology","first-page":"51","article-title":"Whole plant approaches to therapeutic use of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae)","author":"Weathers","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.7.19.6798","article-title":"T cell-mediated help against tumors","volume":"7","author":"Wieder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib139","first-page":"43","article-title":"Artemisia annua as a traditional herbal antimalarial","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Willcox","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21446","article-title":"Artemisinin as an anticancer drug: recent advances in target profiling and mechanisms of action","volume":"37","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib205","unstructured":"World Health Organization. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. Geneva: WHO; 2000. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/66783\/1\/WHO_EDM_TRM_2000.1.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib141","series-title":"The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life","first-page":"1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib142","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006","journal-title":"WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater. Volume 4, excreta and greywater use in agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib143","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2014: Summary (No. WHO\/HTM\/GMP\/2015.2)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib144","series-title":"World Malaria Report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib145","author":"Worldometer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronavirus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib195","unstructured":"Xiang, L., Zeng, L., Yuan, Y., Chen, M., Wang, F., Liu, X., Zeng, L., Lan, X. Liao, Z., 2012. Enhancement of artemisinin biosynthesis by overexpressing dxr, cyp71av1 and cpr in the plants of Artemisia annua L. Plant Omics, 5(6), pp.503-507."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-014-0004-z","article-title":"Enhancement of artemisinin content and relative expression of genes of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by exogenous MeJA treatment","volume":"75","author":"Xiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-015-0980-z","article-title":"Artemisia annua glandular secretory trichomes: the biofactory of antimalarial agent artemisinin","volume":"61","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2040(08)60104-8","article-title":"Effect of 4-(12-dihydroartemisininoxy) benzoic acid hydrazide transferrin tagged drug on human breast cancer cells","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-016-9480-2","article-title":"Artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua and metabolic engineering: questions, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)87487-1","article-title":"Total synthesis of arteannuin and deoxyarteannuin","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(02)02500-5","article-title":"Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)- artemisinin","volume":"44","author":"Yadav","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib192","first-page":"608","article-title":"Molecular cloning, Escherichia coli expression and genomic organization of squalene synthase gene from Artemisia annua","volume":"45","author":"Yan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000074758","article-title":"Effects of qinghaosu (artemisinin) and its derivatives on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120937331","article-title":"Antimalarial agent artesunate induces G0\/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via increasing intracellular ROS levels in normal liver cells","volume":"39","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201449","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress antitumor immune responses through Ido expression and correlate with lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer","volume":"190","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib155","article-title":"Artemisia annua response to various types of organic fertilizer and dose in lowland. In: IOP Conference Series: earth Environ Sci","volume":"142","author":"Yunus","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Publishing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1689500","article-title":"Plants adapted to arid areas: specialized metabolites","volume":"35","author":"Zahedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib157","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Human embryonic lung fibroblasts treated with artesunate exhibit reduced rates of proliferation and human cytomegalovirus infection in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.12.022","article-title":"Regulatory T cells sequentially migrate from inflamed tissues to draining lymph nodes to suppress the alloimmune response","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib159","first-page":"1","article-title":"pH-responsive artemisinin derivatives and lipid nanoparticle formulations inhibit growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and induce down-regulaion of HER family members","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1193-1","article-title":"Artemisinin inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation through upregulation of p53","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24407","article-title":"pH-responsive artemisinin dimer in lipid nanoparticles are effective against human breast cancer in a xenograft model","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01156","article-title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) improves growth, photosynthesis and protects photosystem II in leaves of Lolium perenne L. in cadmium contaminated soil","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib165","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of artemisinin-based treatments against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3061479","article-title":"A concise synthesis of (+)-artemisinin","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Phytochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031942223002145?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031942223002145?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T18:52:48Z","timestamp":1758480768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031942223002145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["S0031942223002145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An updated review on distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of artemisinin: A wonder drug","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytochemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113798","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113798"}}