{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:58:25Z","timestamp":1785146305485,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Progress in Orthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T21:14:38Z","timestamp":1335302078000},"page":"69-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Psychological aspects of orthodontics in clinical practice. Part Two: general psychosocial wellbeing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ukra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70037-9","article-title":"Perceived orthodontist behaviors that predict patient satisfaction, orthodontist-patient relationship, and patient adherence in orthodontic treatment","volume":"110","author":"Sinha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(84)90172-0","article-title":"Patient perceptions of dental-facial esthetics: shared concerns in orthodontics and prosthodontics","volume":"52","author":"Albino","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2001.28.9.464","article-title":"Malocclusion, orthodontics and bullying","volume":"28","author":"DiBiase","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01856884","article-title":"Psychological and social effects of orthodontic treatment","volume":"17","author":"Albino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81525-2","article-title":"Adolescent suicide in orthodontics: results of a survey","volume":"100","author":"Loochtan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0030","series-title":"Human Development","author":"Vander Zanden","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033824","article-title":"Developmental aspects of judgment of physical attractiveness in children","volume":"8","author":"Cavior","year":"1973","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/0300443920800112","article-title":"The effect of pupil appearance on teacher expectations","volume":"80","author":"Dare","year":"1992","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.2307\/1129610","article-title":"An assessment of parents\u2019 and teachers\u2019 expectations of preschool children's social preference for attractive or unattractive children and adults","volume":"51","author":"Adams","year":"1980","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033731","article-title":"What is beautiful is good","volume":"24","author":"Dion","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(77)80005-X","article-title":"Beautiful is good: Evidence that the physically attractive are more socially skillful","volume":"13","author":"Goldman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.2307\/1128538","article-title":"The effects of physical attractiveness and ethnicity on children's behavioral attributions and peer preferences","volume":"48","author":"Langlois","year":"1977","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036018","article-title":"Beauty is talent: Task evaluation as a function of the performer's physical attractiveness","volume":"29","author":"Landy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0070","series-title":"The social psychology of facial appearance","author":"Bull","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031591","article-title":"Age, sex, race, and the perception of facial beauty","volume":"5","author":"Cross","year":"1971","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90382-1","article-title":"The influence of children's dentofacial appearance on their social attractiveness as judged by peers and lay adults","volume":"79","author":"Shaw","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.7.2.75","article-title":"Nicknames, teasing, harassment and the salience of dental features among school children","volume":"7","author":"Shaw","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0090","first-page":"171","article-title":"Anterior tooth position and motivation for early treatment","volume":"63","author":"Kilpelainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.13.2.87","article-title":"An investigation into some of the factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Gosney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00261.x","article-title":"Predictors of fixed orthodontic treatment in 15-year-old adolescents in South Australia","volume":"23","author":"Spencer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70017-6","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment demand and need in third and fourth grade schoolchildren","volume":"106","author":"Wheeler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.19.4.287","article-title":"The subjective need and demand for orthodontic treatment","volume":"19","author":"Holmes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0115","series-title":"Competence self-concept","author":"Novick","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.08.080182.000245","article-title":"The self concept","volume":"8","author":"Gecas","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.84","article-title":"Expectations of treatment and satisfaction with dentofacial appearance in orthodontic patients","volume":"123","author":"Bos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0130","first-page":"32","article-title":"The psychological benefit of orthodontic treatment. Its relevance to dental health education","volume":"57","author":"Kenealy","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0135","series-title":"Promoting the health of adolescents: New directions for the twenty-first century","article-title":"Promoting oral health in adolescents","author":"Albino","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90069-1","article-title":"Body image, self-concept, and the orthodontic patient","volume":"75","author":"Klima","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90020-X","article-title":"Psychosocial implications of malocclusion: a 15-year follow-up study in 30-year-old Danes","volume":"87","author":"Helm","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(66)90139-4","article-title":"Psychological issues in orthodontic practice","volume":"52","author":"Story","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0155","first-page":"187","article-title":"Psychological profiles and motives of adults seeking orthodontic treatment","volume":"7","author":"McKiernan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0160","first-page":"132","article-title":"Self-concept and parental evaluation of peer relationships in cleft lip and palate children","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0165","first-page":"209","article-title":"Type of facial cleft, associated congenital malformations, and parents\u2019 ratings of school and conduct problems","volume":"24","author":"Tobiasen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70274-4","article-title":"Psychological influences on the timing of orthodontic treatment","volume":"113","author":"Tung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0175","first-page":"411","article-title":"Self-concept, Class II malocclusion, and early treatment","volume":"65","author":"Dann Ct","year":"1995","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1348\/135910706X96896","article-title":"The Cardiff dental study: a 20-year critical evaluation of the psychological health gain from orthodontic treatment","volume":"12","author":"Kenealy","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2003.50107","article-title":"Long-term assessment of psychologic outcomes of orthognathic surgery","volume":"61","author":"Lazaridou-Terzoudi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.06.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 2: Psychosocial effects","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.2.304","article-title":"Good-looking people are not what we think","volume":"111","author":"Feingold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.1.109","article-title":"What is beautiful is good, but\u2026: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype","volume":"110","author":"Eagly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.390","article-title":"Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review","volume":"126","author":"Langlois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(70)90091-6","article-title":"Psychological issues pertaining to malocclusion","volume":"58","author":"Sticker","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0215","first-page":"643","article-title":"Social psychological factors associated with malocclusion","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/2948777","article-title":"Social meanings of dental appearance","volume":"7","author":"Linn","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Health Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0225","first-page":"231","article-title":"Social and psychological implications of dentofacial disfigurement","volume":"40","author":"Macgregor","year":"1970","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0230","first-page":"30","article-title":"Perceptions of orthodontic appliances among grade seven students and their parents","volume":"15","author":"Prove","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00629","article-title":"Twenty years\u2019 research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: a meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies","volume":"41","author":"Hawker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00210-6","article-title":"Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence. An epidemiological sample","volume":"24","author":"Kumpulainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00098-8","article-title":"Children involved in bullying: psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement","volume":"23","author":"Kumpulainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70076-5","article-title":"Impact of orthodontics on the psychologic profile of adult patients: a prospective study","volume":"108","author":"Varela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.5.509","article-title":"Relationship between occlusion and satisfaction with dental appearance in orthodontically treated and untreated groups. A longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Birkeland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0260","first-page":"9","article-title":"Shattered lives: the growing crisis of teenage suicide","volume":"56","author":"Stupski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dent Assist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0265","first-page":"7","article-title":"Teenage suicides: is there a preventive role for the dentist?","volume":"44","author":"Freese","year":"1985","journal-title":"Tic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0270","first-page":"133","article-title":"The suicidal adolescent","volume":"55","author":"Hayes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0275","unstructured":"National Mental Health Association. Child and Adolescent Suicide. 2011 [cited retrieved June 21, 2010]; Available from: http:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/farcry\/go\/information\/get-info\/children-s-mental-health\/child-and-adolescent-suicide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.2.297","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors for future adolescent suicide attempts","volume":"62","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.485","article-title":"Adolescent suicide attempts: risks and protectors","volume":"107","author":"Borowsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.33.1.74.22788","article-title":"Risk-taking behavior and adolescent suicide attempts","volume":"33","author":"Stanton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0295","first-page":"33","article-title":"Stress, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation in late adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Wilburn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.10.1257","article-title":"Suicide attempts in children and adolescents","volume":"139","author":"Garfinkel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1988.tb00139.x","article-title":"The decision to terminate one's life: psychoanalytic thoughts on suicide","volume":"18","author":"Rangell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1986.tb00347.x","article-title":"Clinical considerations of biological correlates of suicide","volume":"16","author":"Motto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1985.tb00644.x","article-title":"The adolescent suicide problem","volume":"15","author":"Maris","year":"1985","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)32459-2","article-title":"Children and adolescents who attempt suicide","volume":"17","author":"Teicher","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0325","series-title":"Health concerns of youth: multiple perspectives","author":"Resnick","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.009","article-title":"Psychiatry in orthodontics. Part 1: Typical adolescent psychiatric disorders and their relevance to orthodontic practice","volume":"129","author":"Neeley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.1073","article-title":"Mortality in anorexia nervosa","volume":"152","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0340","first-page":"184","article-title":"Eating disorders: a review of the literature with emphasis on medical complications and clinical nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Patrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325007","article-title":"Oral manifestations in a group of young patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"8","author":"Montecchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(02)00108-8","article-title":"Recognition and management of eating disorders in the dental office","volume":"47","author":"Faine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00313.x","article-title":"Dental erosion patterns from intrinsic acid regurgitation and vomiting","volume":"47","author":"Valena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2002.0269","article-title":"Dental erosion caused by silent gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"133","author":"Ali","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)7:1<3::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"7","author":"Kessler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.302","article-title":"Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression","volume":"103","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199305000-00006","article-title":"Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: a case-control study","volume":"32","author":"Brent","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00011","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I","volume":"35","author":"Birmaher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0385","first-page":"340","article-title":"Suicidality with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Valid claim?","volume":"28","author":"Lapierre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0240","article-title":"Major depressive disorder. Psychopathology, medical management and dental implications. [Erratum appears in J Am Dent Assoc 2001 Jun;132(6):736]","volume":"132","author":"Friedlander","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0395","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(03)00009-4","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Dunn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurologic Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.493","article-title":"Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up","volume":"155","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007","article-title":"Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status","volume":"50","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60450-7","article-title":"Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children","volume":"24","author":"Weiss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1792","article-title":"Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"150","author":"Biederman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.004","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and attempted suicide among adolescents with substance use disorders","volume":"73","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0430","article-title":"Overall teen drug use continues gradual decline, but use of inhalants rises","author":"Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Arbor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.11.005","article-title":"Psychiatry in orthodontics. Part 2: Substance abuse among adolescents and its relevance to orthodontic practice","volume":"129","author":"Neeley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0440","series-title":"Clinical psychiatry for medical students","author":"Swift","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(93)90175-O","article-title":"Risks among inner-city young teens: the prevalence of sexual activity, violence, drugs, and smoking","volume":"14","author":"Vanderschmidt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.3.422","article-title":"Health-risk behaviors and health concerns among young adolescents","volume":"89","author":"Millstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006402","article-title":"Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people","volume":"33","author":"Fergusson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(02)00267-2","article-title":"The effects and consequences of selected club drugs","volume":"23","author":"Freese","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018730814379","article-title":"Progressions of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Duncan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.3.441","article-title":"Stepping through the drug use sequence: longitudinal scalogram analysis of initiation and regular use","volume":"101","author":"Ellickson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02355.x","article-title":"Smoking and oral health: a population survey in Finland","volume":"55","author":"Telivuo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/713688132","article-title":"Tobacco use and other risk behaviors: cross-sectional and predictive relationships for adolescent orthodontic patients","volume":"2","author":"Zakarian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1993.tb06150.x","article-title":"Cigarette smoking as a predictor of alcohol and other drug use by children and adolescents: evidence of the \u201cgateway drug effect\u201d","volume":"63","author":"Torabi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089209047353","article-title":"The age of alcohol onset and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use patterns: an analysis of drug use progression of young adults in New York State","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170380070011","article-title":"Relationship between cigarette smoking and health risk and problem behaviors among US adolescents","volume":"151","author":"Escobedo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(97)00161-4","article-title":"Co-occurrence of health-risk behaviors among adolescents in the United States","volume":"22","author":"Brener","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.12.1760","article-title":"An adolescent tobacco-use prevention trial in orthodontic offices","volume":"86","author":"Hovell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1998.0079","article-title":"The impact of National Cancer Institute training on clinical tobacco use cessation services by oral health teams","volume":"129","author":"Gould","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.08.013","article-title":"Examining the role of the orthodontist in preventing adolescent tobacco use: a nationwide perspective","volume":"127","author":"Sears","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["Progress in Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1723778511000496?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1723778511000496?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T01:51:53Z","timestamp":1642125113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1723778511000496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1723778511000496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pio.2011.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1723-7785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1723-7785","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}