{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1786995766790,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Placenta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,6]],"date-time":"2007-12-06T17:58:22Z","timestamp":1196963902000},"page":"193-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Placental 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 is Reduced in Pregnancies Complicated with Idiopathic Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Evidence That This is Associated With an Attenuated Ratio of Cortisone to Cortisol in the Umbilical Artery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Dy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sampath-Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.S.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib1","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Current concepts of fetal growth restriction: part I. Causes, classification, and pathophysiology","volume":"92","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604269663","article-title":"Current concepts in intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"19","author":"Brodsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.02.004","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction: a workshop report","volume":"25","author":"Cetin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.04.007","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction-etiology and consequences: what do we know about the human situation and experimental animal models?","volume":"20","author":"Ergaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03864.x","article-title":"Growth in utero and coronary heart disease","volume":"54","author":"Barker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib6","first-page":"545","article-title":"Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women","volume":"108","author":"Osmond","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00179-9","article-title":"Placental insufficiency and its consequences","volume":"110","author":"Gagnon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.13.1608","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation","volume":"9","author":"Cole","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib9","first-page":"259","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and small babies","volume":"87","author":"Seckl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00633-5","article-title":"Glucocorticoid programming of the fetus; adult phenotypes and molecular mechanisms","volume":"185","author":"Seckl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0020129","article-title":"Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: barrier to maternal glucocorticoids","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.234","article-title":"Dual function of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in placenta: modulating placental glucocorticoid passage and local steroid action","volume":"60","author":"Burton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.006","article-title":"Glucocorticoid programming","volume":"1032","author":"Seckl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90138-7","article-title":"Glucocorticoid exposure in utero: new model for adult hypertension","volume":"341","author":"Benediktsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1230939.x","article-title":"Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure","volume":"46","author":"Benediktsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-3-435","article-title":"The maternal-fetal cortisol gradient during pregnancy and delivery","volume":"45","author":"Campbell","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib17","first-page":"2203","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme in human kidney and placenta","volume":"80","author":"Krozowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0416","article-title":"Expression of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 proteins in human and baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast","volume":"20","author":"Pepe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib19","first-page":"885","article-title":"Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid and activity in human placenta and fetal membranes: its relationship to birth weight and putative role in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis","volume":"80","author":"Stewart","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib20","first-page":"1660","article-title":"Reduced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity is associated with decreased birth weight centile in pregnancies complicated by asthma","volume":"87","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(97)04027-6","article-title":"Variation in placental type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is not related to birth weight or placental weight","volume":"128","author":"Rogerson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.677500.x","article-title":"Apparent mineralocorticoid excess due to 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency: a possible cause of intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"44","author":"Kitanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.4.799","article-title":"11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human pregnancy and reduced expression in intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"13","author":"Shams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib24","first-page":"4979","article-title":"Reduced placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 mRNA levels in human pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction: an analysis of possible mechanisms","volume":"86","author":"McTernan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib25","first-page":"e41","article-title":"Simultaneously reduced gene expression of cortisol-activating and cortisol-inactivating enzymes in placentas of small-for-gestational-age neonates","volume":"197","author":"Struwe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(98)00056-7","article-title":"Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies","volume":"63","author":"McCalla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib27","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Decreased gene expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in human placenta of patients with preeclampsia","volume":"86","author":"Schoof","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E135","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00356.2005","article-title":"Cadmium reduces 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells","volume":"290","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1357","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {delta} suppresses 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in human placental trophoblast cells","volume":"146","author":"Julan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021","article-title":"In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard","volume":"181","author":"Hadlock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib31","first-page":"39","article-title":"Birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Canada","volume":"81","author":"Arbuckle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030323","article-title":"Adrenomedullin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the placentae of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"88","author":"Gratton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)00179-P","article-title":"Co-expression of two distinct isoforms of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovine placenta","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021378","article-title":"Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 and fetal cortisol\/cortisone shuttle in small preterm infants","volume":"88","author":"Kajantie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0113","article-title":"Glucocorticoids stimulate the expression of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in cultured human placental trophoblast cells","volume":"89","author":"van Beek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.5.1425412","article-title":"Cloning of an ovine 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase complementary deoxyribonucleic acid: tissue and temporal distribution of its messenger ribonucleic acid during fetal and neonatal development","volume":"131","author":"Yang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90119-1","article-title":"The role of cortisol in human parturition","volume":"117","author":"Pokoly","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00357.x","article-title":"Fetal plasma steroids in relation to parturition. The effect of gestational age upon umbilical plasma corticosteroid levels following vaginal delivery","volume":"81","author":"Smith","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90170-8","article-title":"Pearson Murphy BE. Cortisol levels in maternal venous and umbilical cord arterial and venous serum at vaginal delivery","volume":"124","author":"Leong","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113592","article-title":"Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. A defect in the cortisol-cortisone shuttle","volume":"82","author":"Stewart","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib41","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses","volume":"77","author":"Goland","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib42","first-page":"579","article-title":"Ratio cortisone\/cortisol in mother and infant at birth","volume":"40","author":"Bro-Rasmussen","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-25-2-243","article-title":"Plasma cortisone and cortisol levels at birth and during the neonatal period","volume":"25","author":"Hillman","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib44","first-page":"1529","article-title":"Type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human fetal tissues","volume":"78","author":"Stewart","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod38.5.1006","article-title":"Effect of estrogen on the metabolism of cortisol and cortisone in the baboon fetus at midgestation","volume":"38","author":"Waddell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.1.40","article-title":"Prostaglandins and leukotriene B4 are potent inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells","volume":"61","author":"Hardy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010_bib47","first-page":"3696","article-title":"The expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 is induced during trophoblast differentiation: effects of hypoxia","volume":"87","author":"Hardy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Placenta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400407002597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400407002597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:40:37Z","timestamp":1758908437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0143400407002597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0143400407002597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-4004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-4004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Placental 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 is Reduced in Pregnancies Complicated with Idiopathic Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Evidence That This is Associated With an Attenuated Ratio of Cortisone to Cortisol in the Umbilical Artery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Placenta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}