{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:55:27Z","timestamp":1790416527406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Placenta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T01:31:14Z","timestamp":1392168674000},"page":"260-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["The human placenta expresses multiple glucocorticoid receptor isoforms that are altered by fetal sex, growth restriction and maternal asthma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Saif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Hodyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Tuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Osei-Kumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4892-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.L.","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.10.003","article-title":"The fetal, neonatal, and infant environments-the long-term consequences for disease risk","volume":"81","author":"Gluckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010","article-title":"Review: sex and the human placenta: mediating differential strategies of fetal growth and survival","volume":"31","author":"Clifton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1411","article-title":"Placental cytokine expression covaries with maternal asthma severity and fetal sex","volume":"182","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.03.004","article-title":"The presence of maternal asthma during pregnancy suppresses the placental pro-inflammatory response to an immune challenge in\u00a0vitro","volume":"32","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201007-1188OC","article-title":"Fetal glucocorticoid-regulated pathways are not affected by inhaled corticosteroid use for asthma during pregnancy","volume":"183","author":"Hodyl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.123091","article-title":"Sex-specific associations between cortisol and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by asthma are not due to differential glucocorticoid receptor expression","volume":"65","author":"Hodyl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01822","article-title":"Structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene 5' untranslated region: identification, and tissue distribution of multiple new human exon 1","volume":"35","author":"Turner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1397.037","article-title":"A\u00a0new transcript splice variant of the human glucocorticoid receptor: identification and tissue distribution of hGR Delta 313-338, an alternative exon 2 transactivation domain isoform","volume":"1095","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6047","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/318635a0","article-title":"Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA","volume":"318","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.03.025","article-title":"Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00253-07","article-title":"Selective regulation of bone cell apoptosis by translational isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib12","first-page":"530","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor alpha, beta and gamma expression vs in\u00a0vitro glucocorticod resistance in childhood leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Haarman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia\u00a0Official J Leukemia Soc\u00a0Am\u00a0Leukemia Res\u00a0Fund\u00a0UK"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04426.x","article-title":"Expression and structural analysis of glucocorticoid receptor isoform gamma in human leukaemia cells using an isoform-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction approach","volume":"122","author":"Beger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1077","article-title":"Expression of glucocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in the human placenta at term","volume":"93","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-374OC","article-title":"Maternal asthma is associated with reduced female fetal growth","volume":"168","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9912138","article-title":"Measuring asthma control. Clinic questionnaire or daily diary?","volume":"162","author":"Juniper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00135604","article-title":"Asthma self-management skills and the use of asthma education during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-4-1567","article-title":"Purification, characterization, and in\u00a0vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblasts from human term placentae","volume":"118","author":"Kliman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.1.219","article-title":"Novel cytokine-independent induction of endothelial adhesion molecules regulated by platelet\/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31)","volume":"139","author":"Litwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3820","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.11.3820-3829.2001","article-title":"Loss of HCF-1-chromatin association precedes temperature-induced growth arrest of tsBN67 cells","volume":"21","author":"Wysocka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib21","first-page":"1660","article-title":"Reduced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity is associated with decreased birth weight centile in pregnancies complicated by asthma","volume":"87","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a0A","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.004","article-title":"Maternal asthma as a model for examining fetal sex-specific effects on maternal physiology and placental mechanisms that regulate human fetal growth","volume":"25","author":"Clifton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27857","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27857","article-title":"The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action","volume":"274","author":"Oakley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib24","first-page":"229a","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA transcript expression in the human placenta following normal term pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc\u00a0Gynecol\u00a0Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.116428","article-title":"GRbeta expression in nasal polyp inflammatory cells and its relationship to the anti-inflammatory effects of intranasal fluticasone","volume":"108","author":"Hamilos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.11.014","article-title":"Evidence for a glucocorticoid receptor beta splice variant in the rat and its physiological regulation in liver","volume":"78","author":"DuBois","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200402-014MS","article-title":"Corticosteroid resistance in airway disease","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1564","article-title":"Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"131","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012_bib29","first-page":"2296","article-title":"Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms and type I 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in human skeletal muscle cells: a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance?","volume":"86","author":"Whorwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Placenta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400414000332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400414000332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:49:39Z","timestamp":1758908979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0143400414000332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0143400414000332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-4004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-4004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The human placenta expresses multiple glucocorticoid receptor isoforms that are altered by fetal sex, growth restriction and maternal asthma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Placenta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}