{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:25:10Z","timestamp":1787905510478,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011636","name":"March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD069819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD069819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Placenta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T16:59:21Z","timestamp":1548694761000},"page":"46-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Progestin therapy to prevent preterm birth: History and effectiveness of current strategies and development of novel approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Sam A.","family":"Mesiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyvand","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Tochtrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Focco","family":"van Den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000301641","article-title":"The early history of progesterone","volume":"5","author":"Corner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gynecol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1929.88.2.326","article-title":"Physiology of the corpus luteum; production of a special uterine reaction (progestational proliferation) by extracts of corpus luteum","volume":"88","author":"Corner","year":"1929","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib3","first-page":"612","article-title":"Physiology of the corpus luteum VI. The production of progestational proliferation of the endometrium of the mature rabbit by progestin (an extract of the corpus luteum) after preliminary treatment with oestrin","volume":"92","author":"Allen","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1126\/science.82.2120.155.a","article-title":"Crystalline progestin and inhibition of uterine motility in vivo","volume":"82","author":"Allen","year":"1935","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.80.2069.190.b","article-title":"Crystalline progestin","volume":"80","author":"Allen","year":"1934","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1126\/science.82.2120.153.b","article-title":"Nomenclature of corpus luteum hormone","volume":"82","author":"Allen","year":"1935","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.12.019","article-title":"Adolf butenandt--nobel prize for chemistry","volume":"87","author":"Shampo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000980206","article-title":"Progesterone block","volume":"98","author":"Csapo","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90111-8","article-title":"The \"seesaw\" theory of the regulatory mechanism of pregnancy","volume":"121","author":"Csapo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib10","series-title":"Paper Presented at: Brook Lodge Symposium: Progesterone","article-title":"The effect of progesterone on the maintenance of early pregnancy","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib11","series-title":"Paper Presented at: Brook Lodge Symposium: Progesterone","article-title":"The effect of progesterone administered intra-amniotically in late human pregnancy","author":"Hendricks","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib12","first-page":"244","article-title":"Retard effect of gestagens","volume":"223","author":"Junkmann","year":"1954","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1958.tb46791.x","article-title":"Comparative activity of progestational agents on the human endometrium and vaginal epithelium of surgical castrates","volume":"71","author":"Wied","year":"1958","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib14","article-title":"Determination that DELALUTIN (hydroxyprogesterone caproate) injection, 125 milligrams\/milliliter and 250 milligrams\/milliliter, was not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness","volume":"vol 75","author":"Kux","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib15","first-page":"30","article-title":"Habitual abortion. A controlled study of progestational therapy","volume":"72","author":"Levine","year":"1964","journal-title":"West J. Surg. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib16","first-page":"65","article-title":"Double blind study of an agent to prevent preterm delivery among women at increased risk [in French]","volume":"Serie IV","author":"Papiernik","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ed. Schering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510022931401","article-title":"Efficacy of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the prevention of premature labor","volume":"293","author":"Johnson","year":"1975","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)91051-7","article-title":"The effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on pregnancy outcome in an active-duty military population","volume":"146","author":"Hauth","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90141-3","article-title":"Prevention of premature labor by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate","volume":"151","author":"Yemini","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb01740.x","article-title":"Progestogen administration in pregnancy may prevent preterm delivery","volume":"97","author":"Keirse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035140","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate","volume":"348","author":"Meis","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.41","article-title":"Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study","volume":"188","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5159","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone is associated with a decrease in risk for early preterm birth and improved neonatal outcome in women with a short cervix: a secondary analysis from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"DeFranco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. : Offic. j. Int. Soc. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067815","article-title":"Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix","volume":"357","author":"Fonseca","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9017","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Hassan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. : Offic. j. Int. Soc. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124 e121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.12.003","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data","volume":"206","author":"Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.877","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone vs. cervical cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix, previous preterm birth, and singleton gestation: a systematic review and indirect comparison metaanalysis","volume":"208","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5158","article-title":"Progesterone vaginal gel for the reduction of recurrent preterm birth: primary results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"O'Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. : Offic. j. Int. Soc. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00350-0","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone prophylaxis for preterm birth (the OPPTIMUM study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"387","author":"Norman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22350","article-title":"Does progesterone prophylaxis to prevent preterm labour improve outcome? A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (OPPTIMUM)","volume":"22","author":"Norman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117715125","article-title":"Administration of progesterone throughout pregnancy increases maternal steroids without adverse effect on mature oligodendrocyte immunostaining in the Guinea pig","volume":"25","author":"Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15953","article-title":"Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth <\/= 34 weeks of gestation in women with a singleton pregnancy and a short cervix: an updated meta-analysis including data from the OPPTIMUM study","volume":"48","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. : Offic. j. Int. Soc. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070641","article-title":"A trial of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate to prevent prematurity in twins","volume":"357","author":"Rouse","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90185-8","article-title":"Plasma estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in human pregnancy. I. Normal pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"Tulchinsky","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib35","first-page":"981","article-title":"The parturition defect in steroid 5alpha-reductase type 1 knockout mice is due to impaired cervical ripening","volume":"13","author":"Mahendroo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2813","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone metabolism in the cervix during pregnancy and parturition","volume":"93","author":"Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11565","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11565","article-title":"Molecular evidence of functional progesterone withdrawal in human myometrium","volume":"7","author":"Nadeem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2015.1057547","article-title":"Route of administration and formulation dependent pharmacokinetics of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in rats","volume":"46","author":"Shaik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.515","article-title":"A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants","volume":"50","author":"Liggins","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9940141","article-title":"The role of cortisol in preparing the fetus for birth","volume":"6","author":"Liggins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib41","first-page":"1184","volume":"77","author":"Mesiano","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib42","first-page":"378","article-title":"Developmental and functional biology of the primate fetal adrenal cortex","volume":"18","author":"Mesiano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib43","first-page":"2443","article-title":"Phytoestrogens alter adrenocortical function: genistein and daidzein suppress glucocorticoid and stimulate androgen production by cultured adrenal cortical cells","volume":"84","author":"Mesiano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506 e501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.03.003","article-title":"Salivary progesterone and estriol among pregnant women treated with 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo","volume":"199","author":"Klebanoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599 e591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.024","article-title":"Comparison of progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor binding and stimulation of gene expression by progesterone, 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate, and related progestins","volume":"197","author":"Attardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb29431.x","article-title":"Progesterone and maintenance of pregnancy: is progesterone nature's immunosuppressant?","volume":"286","author":"Siiteri","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(03)00110-6","article-title":"Infection as a cause of preterm birth","volume":"30","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in asymptomatic patients with a sonographic short cervix: prevalence and clinical significance","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. : Offic. J. Eur. Assoc. Perinat. Med. Fed. Asia Oceania Perinat. Soc. Int. Soc. Perinat. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1281904","article-title":"Comparison of rapid MMP-8 and interleukin-6 point-of-care tests to identify intra-amniotic inflammation\/infection and impending preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"31","author":"Chaemsaithong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. : Offic. J. Eur. Assoc. Perinat. Med. Fed. Asia Oceania Perinat. Soc. Int. Soc. Perinat. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.229","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process","volume":"14","author":"Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag001","article-title":"Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term","volume":"9","author":"Osman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.009","article-title":"Spontaneous preterm birth: advances toward the discovery of genetic predisposition","volume":"218","author":"Strauss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1654","article-title":"Human parturition involves phosphorylation of progesterone receptor-A at serine-345 in myometrial cells","volume":"157","author":"Amini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5279","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0210","article-title":"Progestin suppresses thrombin- and interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-11 production in term decidual cells: implications for preterm delivery","volume":"90","author":"Cakmak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0112","article-title":"Progesterone receptor plays a major antiinflammatory role in human myometrial cells by antagonism of nuclear factor-kappaB activation of cyclooxygenase 2 expression","volume":"20","author":"Hardy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E719","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3251","article-title":"Progesterone receptor-A and -B have opposite effects on proinflammatory gene expression in human myometrial cells: implications for progesterone actions in human pregnancy and parturition","volume":"97","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115597787","article-title":"Agonist-dependent downregulation of progesterone receptors in human cervical stromal fibroblasts","volume":"23","author":"Ackerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1935-0","article-title":"Cellular mechanics of primary human cervical fibroblasts: influence of progesterone and a pro-inflammatory cytokine","volume":"46","author":"Shukla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(03)00126-0","article-title":"Progesterone-dependent regulation of female reproductive activity by two distinct progesterone receptor isoforms","volume":"68","author":"Conneely","year":"2003","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5485.1751","article-title":"Subgroup of reproductive functions of progesterone mediated by progesterone receptor-B isoform","volume":"289","author":"Mulac-Jericevic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1732707100","article-title":"Defective mammary gland morphogenesis in mice lacking the progesterone receptor B isoform","volume":"100","author":"Mulac-Jericevic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib63","first-page":"8356","article-title":"The A and B isoforms of the human progesterone receptor operate through distinct signaling pathways within target cells","volume":"14","author":"Wen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54527-0","article-title":"Mifepristone (RU486) alone or in combination with a prostaglandin analogue for termination of early pregnancy: a review","volume":"56","author":"Avrech","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib65","first-page":"CD002865","article-title":"Mifepristone for induction of labour","author":"Hapangama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.67.040403.120151","article-title":"Regulation of signal transduction pathways by estrogen and progesterone","volume":"67","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(03)00129-6","article-title":"Progesterone receptor transcription and non-transcription signaling mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Leonhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5999","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.12.7304","article-title":"Specific progesterone binding to a membrane protein and related nongenomic effects on Ca2+-fluxes in sperm","volume":"140","author":"Falkenstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib69","first-page":"571","article-title":"Localization of a putative progesterone membrane binding protein in porcine hepatocytes","volume":"44","author":"Falkenstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib70","first-page":"907","article-title":"Cloning and tissue expression of two putative steroid membrane receptors","volume":"379","author":"Gerdes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-12-research0068","article-title":"Membrane-bound progesterone receptors contain a cytochrome b5-like ligand-binding domain","volume":"3","author":"Mifsud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-4-6","article-title":"Two unrelated putative membrane-bound progestin receptors, progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (PGMRC1) and membrane progestin receptor (mPR) beta, are expressed in the rainbow trout oocyte and exhibit similar ovarian expression patterns","volume":"4","author":"Mourot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0067","article-title":"Involvement of an unnamed protein, RDA288, in the mechanism through which progesterone mediates its antiapoptotic action in spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells","volume":"145","author":"Peluso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.041061","article-title":"Expression and function of PAIRBP1 within gonadotropin-primed immature rat ovaries: PAIRBP1 regulation of granulosa and luteal cell viability","volume":"73","author":"Peluso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:15:1:063","article-title":"Nongenomic action of steroids in myometrial contractility","volume":"15","author":"Perusquia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0129","article-title":"Human homologs of the putative G protein-coupled membrane progestin receptors (mPRalpha, beta, and gamma) localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and are not activated by progesterone","volume":"20","author":"Krietsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2007.12.004","article-title":"Honey, we need to talk about the membrane progestin receptors","volume":"73","author":"Fernandes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn044","article-title":"Non-genomic progesterone actions in female reproduction","volume":"15","author":"Gellersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06242","article-title":"Regulated expression of putative membrane progestin receptor homologues in human endometrium and gestational tissues","volume":"187","author":"Fernandes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah248","article-title":"Examining the spatio-temporal expression of mRNA encoding the membrane-bound progesterone receptor-alpha isoform in human cervix and myometrium during pregnancy and labour","volume":"12","author":"Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0243","article-title":"Progesterone signaling in human myometrium through two novel membrane G protein-coupled receptors: potential role in functional progesterone withdrawal at term","volume":"20","author":"Karteris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaq096","article-title":"Changes in PGRMC1, a potential progesterone receptor, in human myometrium during pregnancy and labour at term and preterm","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113493514","article-title":"Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 as the mediator of the inhibitory effect of progestins on cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.008","article-title":"Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) expression in fetal membranes among women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM)","volume":"35","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168102","article-title":"The role of progesterone and a novel progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1, in the inflammatory response of fetal membranes to ureaplasma parvum infection","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib86","article-title":"Roles of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 in oxidative stress-induced aging in chorion cells","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(79)80013-7","article-title":"Maternal peripheral concentrations of estradiol, estrone, cortisol, and progesterone during late pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and after experimental fetal anencephaly and fetal death","volume":"135","author":"Walsh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.9.875","article-title":"Interaction between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labour","volume":"7","author":"Pieber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8609","article-title":"Progesterone withdrawal and estrogen activation in human parturition are coordinated by progesterone receptor A expression in the myometrium","volume":"87","author":"Mesiano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633616100","article-title":"A decline in the levels of progesterone receptor coactivators in the pregnant uterus at term may antagonize progesterone receptor function and contribute to the initiation of parturition","volume":"100","author":"Condon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0077","article-title":"Nuclear progesterone receptors in the human pregnancy myometrium: evidence that parturition involves functional progesterone withdrawal mediated by increased expression of progesterone receptor-A","volume":"92","author":"Merlino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115625848","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 1 regulates the expression of progesterone receptor a during human parturition by occupying the progesterone receptor a promoter","author":"Ke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8609","article-title":"Progesterone withdrawal and estrogen activation in human parturition are coordinated by progesterone receptor A expression in the myometrium","volume":"87","author":"Mesiano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0242","article-title":"Up-regulation of the progesterone receptor (PR)-C isoform in laboring myometrium by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB may contribute to the onset of labor through inhibition of PR function","volume":"20","author":"Condon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib95","first-page":"291","article-title":"The A and B isoforms of the human progesterone receptor: two functionally different transcription factors encoded by a single gene","volume":"54","author":"Giangrande","year":"1999","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.9.3102-3115.2000","article-title":"The opposing transcriptional activities of the two isoforms of the human progesterone receptor are due to differential cofactor binding","volume":"20","author":"Giangrande","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12918-016-0320-1","article-title":"A dynamical systems model of progesterone receptor interactions with inflammation in human parturition","volume":"10","author":"Brubaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib98","first-page":"125","article-title":"Progesterone receptor localization and isoforms in myometrium, decidua, and fetal membranes from rhesus macaques: evidence for functional progesterone withdrawal at parturition","volume":"9","author":"Haluska","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1654","article-title":"Human parturition involves progesterone receptor-A phosphorylation at serine-345 in myometrial cells","author":"Amini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib100","first-page":"158","article-title":"Inflammatory stimuli increase progesterone receptor-A stability and transrepressive activity in myometrial cells","volume":"158","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(03)00128-8","article-title":"Novel 6-aryl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazine-2-thiones as potent, selective, and orally active nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonists","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050358b","article-title":"Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel 6-aryl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2-thiones as progesterone receptor modulators leading to the potent and selective nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist tanaproget","volume":"48","author":"Fensome","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.07.011","article-title":"5-(3-Cyclopentyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2 -carbonitrile: a novel, highly potent, selective, and orally active non-steroidal progesterone receptor agonist","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.03.005","article-title":"A new generation of progesterone receptor modulators","volume":"73","author":"Winneker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.05.018","article-title":"7-aryl 1,5-dihydro-benzo[e][1,4]oxazepin-2-ones and analogs as non-steroidal progesterone receptor antagonists","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.10.016","article-title":"Novel progesterone receptor modulators with gene selective and context-dependent partial agonism","volume":"77","author":"Berrodin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.08.006","article-title":"Discovery of a novel mechanism of steroid receptor antagonism: WAY-255348 modulates progesterone receptor cellular localization and promoter interactions","volume":"82","author":"Yudt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0524","article-title":"A structural and in vitro characterization of asoprisnil: a selective progesterone receptor modulator","volume":"21","author":"Madauss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19572","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.007872","article-title":"The X-ray structure of RU486 bound to the progesterone receptor in a destabilized agonistic conformation","volume":"284","author":"Raaijmakers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20333","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.308403","article-title":"X-ray structures of progesterone receptor ligand binding domain in its agonist state reveal differing mechanisms for mixed profiles of 11beta-substituted steroids","volume":"287","author":"Lusher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Placenta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400418310749?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143400418310749?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:59:31Z","timestamp":1758909571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0143400418310749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["S0143400418310749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-4004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-4004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progestin therapy to prevent preterm birth: History and effectiveness of current strategies and development of novel approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Placenta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.01.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}