{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:01:31Z","timestamp":1792036891196,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32572183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32572183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024B03J1355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03J1355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015335","name":"Modern Agricultural Technology Industry System of Shandong province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011798","name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-31-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-31-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Phenomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:20:07Z","timestamp":1780474807000},"page":"100230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BN-NeRF: A fast 3D reconstruction and phenotyping framework for banana plants using handheld devices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5022-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0385-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangcun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieli","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0861-2","article-title":"Banana by-products: an under-utilized renewable food biomass with great potential","volume":"51","author":"Padam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2012.08.009","article-title":"Twenty-five years of remote sensing in precision agriculture: key advances and remaining knowledge gaps","volume":"114","author":"Mulla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.09.005","article-title":"Phenomics\u2013technologies to relieve the phenotyping bottleneck","volume":"16","author":"Furbank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-015-0056-8","article-title":"Plant phenotyping: from bean weighing to image analysis","volume":"11","author":"Walter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2013.09.008","article-title":"Field high-throughput phenotyping: the new crop breeding frontier","volume":"19","author":"Araus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.34133\/plantphenomics.0235","article-title":"Evaluating neural radiance fields for 3D plant geometry reconstruction in field conditions","volume":"6","author":"Arshad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.34133\/plantphenomics.0040","article-title":"Generating 3D multispectral point clouds of plants with fusion of snapshot spectral and RGB-D images","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20078","DOI":"10.3390\/s141120078","article-title":"A review of imaging techniques for plant phenotyping","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nberger JL, Frahm J-M. Structure-from-motion revisited. Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2016 Jun 27\u201330; Las Vegas, NV, USA. p. 4104-4113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2016.445.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.445"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.161","article-title":"Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis","volume":"32","author":"Furukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-019-0490-0","article-title":"Measuring crops in 3D: using geometry for plant phenotyping","volume":"15","author":"Paulus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-015-0737-3","article-title":"Leaf segmentation in plant phenotyping: a collation study","volume":"27","author":"Scharr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mach. Vis. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1145\/3503250","article-title":"NeRF: representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis","volume":"65","author":"Mildenhall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib12","series-title":"Nerf++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fields","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin-Brualla R, Radwan N, Sajjadi MSM, Barron JT, Dosovitskiy A, Duckworth D. NeRF in the wild: neural radiance fields for unconstrained photo collections. Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2021 Jun 19\u201325; Nashville, TN, USA. p. 7210-7219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00713.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00713"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127","article-title":"Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding","volume":"41","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib15","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"5470","article-title":"Mip-NeRF 360: unbounded anti-aliased neural radiance fields","author":"Barron","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib16","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"5741","article-title":"BARF: bundle-adjusting neural radiance fields","author":"Lin","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib17","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"12861","article-title":"Deblur-NeRF: neural radiance fields from blurry images","author":"Ma","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib18","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"12892","article-title":"Dense depth priors for neural radiance fields from sparse input views","author":"Roessle","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib19","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"5855","article-title":"Mip-NeRF: a multiscale representation for anti-aliasing neural radiance fields","author":"Barron","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib20","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"18541","article-title":"Nerfbusters: removing ghostly artifacts from casually captured NeRFs","author":"Warburg","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006","article-title":"Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories","volume":"115","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogrammetry Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib22","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"LOAM: lidar odometry and mapping in real-time","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5020491","article-title":"Fast automatic precision tree models from terrestrial laser scanner data","volume":"5","author":"Raumonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.34133\/plantphenomics.0153","article-title":"Advancements in imaging sensors and AI for plant stress detection: a systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib25","series-title":"Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision","author":"Hartley","year":"2004"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib26","first-page":"2695","article-title":"A review on UAV-based applications for precision agriculture","volume":"11","author":"Tsouros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib27","first-page":"25","article-title":"UAV photogrammetry for mapping and 3D modeling--current status and future perspectives","author":"Remondino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paper presented at: Int. Arch. Photogram. Rem. Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9651","DOI":"10.3390\/s150509651","article-title":"Accuracy analysis of a multi-view stereo approach for phenotyping of tomato plants at the organ level","volume":"15","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007954719939","article-title":"A theory of specular surface geometry","volume":"24","author":"Oren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.34133\/plantphenomics.0117","article-title":"Point cloud completion of plant leaves under occlusion conditions based on deep learning","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib30","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","first-page":"767","article-title":"MVSNet: depth inference for unstructured multi-view stereo","author":"Yao","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib31","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"5480","article-title":"RegNeRF: regularizing neural radiance fields for view synthesis from sparse inputs","author":"Niemeyer","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib32","series-title":"Proceedings of the","first-page":"1323","article-title":"iNeRF: inverting neural radiance fields for pose estimation","author":"Yen-Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib34","series-title":"NeRF--: Neural Radiance Fields Without Known Camera Parameters","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.108848","article-title":"High-fidelity 3D reconstruction of plants using neural radiance fields","volume":"220","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13233368","article-title":"Three-dimensional phenotyping pipeline of potted plants based on neural radiance fields and path segmentation","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.34133\/plantphenomics.0279","article-title":"PanicleNeRF: low-cost, high-precision in-field phenotyping of rice panicles with smartphone","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib37","article-title":"3D reconstruction of orchard scenes based on UAV images and neural radiance fields","volume":"248","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000206","article-title":"Accuracy of digital surface models and orthophotos derived from unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry","volume":"143","author":"Ag\u00fcera-Vega","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Survey Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433","article-title":"3D Gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering","volume":"42","author":"Kerbl","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9don A, Lepetit V. SuGaR: surface-aligned Gaussian splatting for efficient 3D mesh reconstruction and high-quality mesh rendering. Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2024 Jun 17\u201321; Seattle, WA, USA. p. 5354-5363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00511.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00512"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib43","article-title":"Three-dimensional leaf edge reconstruction combining two-dimensional images and terrestrial laser scanning point clouds","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib45","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"12882","article-title":"Depth-supervised NeRF: fewer views and faster training for free","author":"Deng","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib46","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"4190","article-title":"SPARF: neural radiance fields from sparse and noisy poses","author":"Truong","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230_bib47","series-title":"Paper Presented At: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"5589","article-title":"UNISURF: unifying neural implicit surfaces and radiance fields for multi-view reconstruction","author":"Oechsle","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Plant Phenomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2643651526000671?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2643651526000671?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:51:15Z","timestamp":1790693475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2643651526000671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2643651526000671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2643-6515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2643-6515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"BN-NeRF: A fast 3D reconstruction and phenotyping framework for banana plants using handheld devices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Plant Phenomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphe.2026.100230","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100230"}}