{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:38:29Z","timestamp":1784875109378,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1136990217000},"page":"157-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Primary open-angle glaucoma patients have reduced levels of blood docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nwabueze","family":"Magulike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebreab","family":"Ghebremeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066901","article-title":"Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin","volume":"295","author":"Rezaie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080080050026","article-title":"Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among white and black Americans, The Baltimore Eye Survey","volume":"109","author":"Sommer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)01008-9","article-title":"Causes of blindness visual impairment in a population-based sample of US Hispanics","volume":"109","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0","article-title":"Primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"363","author":"Weinreb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.01.025","article-title":"Prevalence of open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos, The Los Angles Latino Eye Study","volume":"111","author":"Varma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib6","first-page":"40","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in a rural East African population","volume":"41","author":"Buhrmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.4.471","article-title":"Glaucoma in Zulus: a population-based cross-sectional survey in a rural district in South Africa","volume":"120","author":"Rotchford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib8","unstructured":"I.E. Murdoch, The epidemiology and glaucoma and glaucoma related parameters in rural communities mesoendemic and nonendemic for onchocerciasis, Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria, MD Thesis, University of London, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1992.69","article-title":"Bowman lecture. Glaucoma\u2014changing concepts","volume":"6","author":"Drance","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib10","first-page":"2361","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the relationship between intraocular and blood pressure","volume":"31","author":"McLeod","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(94)90157-0","article-title":"The vascular endothelium as a regulator of the ocular circulation: a new concept in ophthalmology?","volume":"39","author":"Haefliger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib12","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"107","author":"Bonomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Egna-Neumarkt Study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00008-3","article-title":"The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Flammer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(94)90051-5","article-title":"Blood flow rate in the microvasculature of the optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma. A new approach","volume":"38","author":"Hamard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib15","first-page":"153","article-title":"Risk factors associated with branch vs. central retinal vein occlusion","volume":"21","author":"Appiah","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.55.3.192","article-title":"Retinal vascular occlusion as a presenting feature of glaucoma simplex","volume":"55","author":"Soni","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.1.26","article-title":"Intraocular pressure in retinal vein occlusion","volume":"68","author":"Frucht","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.6.449","article-title":"Optic nerve blood flow using a laser Doppler velocimeter and haemorheology in primary open angle glaucoma and normal pressure glaucoma","volume":"78","author":"Hamard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(85)90106-6","article-title":"The effects of dietary omeg-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, erythrocyte deformability and blood viscosity in healthy volunteers","volume":"55","author":"Cartwright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01446.x","article-title":"Effects of n-3 fatty acids on blood rheology","volume":"731","author":"Ernst","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518609083667","article-title":"Fatty fish-induced changes in membrane lipid composition and viscosity of human erythrocyte suspensions","volume":"46","author":"Popp-Snijders","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib22","first-page":"557","article-title":"The effect of fish oil on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions in CAPD patients","volume":"2","author":"Van Acker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000012797","article-title":"Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on the phospholipid composition and fluidity of cell membranes from human volunteers","volume":"43","author":"Lund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-4753(04)80002-4","article-title":"Soluble adhesion molecules in healthy subjects: a dose-response study using n-3 fatty acids","volume":"14","author":"Eschen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)80009-4","article-title":"Initial clinical studies with prostaglandins and their analogues","volume":"41","author":"Camras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surv. Opthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib26","first-page":"588","article-title":"Comparison of the hypotensive and other ocular effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on cat and rhesus monkey eyes","volume":"22","author":"Stern","year":"1982","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib27","first-page":"535","article-title":"The ocular effects of prostaglandins and the therapeutic potential of a new PGF2a analog, PhXA41 (latanoprost), for glaucoma management","volume":"6","author":"Bito","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(89)90049-3","article-title":"Protaglandin F2a increases uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monky","volume":"49","author":"Gabelt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(89)90011-0","article-title":"Increased uveoscleral outflow as a possible mechanism of ocular hypotension caused by prostaglandin F2a-1-isopropylester in the cynomolgus monky","volume":"48","author":"Nilsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.6.461","article-title":"Prostaglandin D2 reduces intraocular pressure","volume":"72","author":"Goh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib31","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Prostaglandin E3 and D3 lower intraocular pressure","volume":"26","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1985","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32485-8","article-title":"Some effects of copper deficiency on leukocyte function in sheep and cattle","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"1981","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib34","first-page":"158","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase","volume":"70","author":"Paglia","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54882-1","article-title":"The metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexapentaenoic acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase","volume":"266","author":"Voss","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01306.x","article-title":"Triglyceride fatty acids confirm a change in dietary fat","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(83)90004-8","article-title":"Chemistry and metabolism of lipids in the vertebrate retina","volume":"22","author":"Fliesler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib38","first-page":"91","article-title":"Dietary deficiency of N-3 fatty acids alters rhodopsin content and function in the rat retina","volume":"35","author":"Bush","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42801","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105772200","article-title":"Optimization of receptor-G protein coupling by bilayer lipid composition I: kinetics of rhodopsin-transducin binding","volume":"276","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib40","first-page":"2750","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes differentiation of developing photoreceptors in culture","volume":"39","author":"Rotstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(91)90109-R","article-title":"Light damage in the rat retina: the effect of dietary deprivation of N-3 fatty acids on acute structural alterations","volume":"53","author":"Bush","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000055669","article-title":"Protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid against retinal ischemic injury: an electroretinographic study","volume":"33","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib43","first-page":"589","article-title":"Circulating platelet aggregates and progression of visual field loss in glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Bojic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006279606494","article-title":"Circulating platelet aggregates in glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Bojic","year":"199899","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918934","article-title":"Platelet aggregation, disc haemorrhage and progressive loss of visual fields in glaucoma, A seven year follow-up study on glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Hoyng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00170723","article-title":"Platelet aggregation and glaucoma","volume":"61","author":"Hoyng","year":"1985","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112147","article-title":"Long-term effects of dietary marine omega -3 fatty acids upon plasma and cellular lipids, platelet function and eicosanoid formation in humans","volume":"76","author":"Von Schacky","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-003-1068-y","article-title":"N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: From molecular biology to the clinic","volume":"38","author":"Calder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(92)90120-8","article-title":"A comparative study between cod liver oil and liquid lard int on intraocular pressure on rabbits","volume":"45","author":"Mancino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1998.tb00880.x","article-title":"Fatty acid use in glaucomatous optic neuropathy treatment","volume":"227","author":"Cellini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta. Ophthalmol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000059767","article-title":"Effect of DHA oil supplementation on intelligence and visual acuity in the elderly","volume":"88","author":"Suzuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"World Rev. Nutr. Diet"}],"container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327805001961?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327805001961?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T05:48:26Z","timestamp":1706852906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952327805001961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952327805001961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}