{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:41:28Z","timestamp":1786995688404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","plefa.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]],"date-time":"2017-03-19T05:33:54Z","timestamp":1489901634000},"page":"45-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Curcumin and linseed oil co-delivered in phospholipid nanoemulsions enhances the levels of docosahexaenoic acid in serum and tissue lipids of rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Sugasini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.R.","family":"Lokesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000893","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life","volume":"3","author":"Swanson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4137\/NMI.S39043","article-title":"Role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and exercise in breast cancer prevention: identifying common targets","volume":"9","author":"Abdelmagid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5027","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S115995","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid liposomes for targeting chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer: an in vitro assessment","volume":"11","author":"Alaarg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.1.1","article-title":"Dietary n-3 PUFA and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Kinsella","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8036-z","article-title":"Neurological benefits of omega-3 fatty acids","volume":"10","author":"Dyall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020099","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid and cognition throughout the lifespan","volume":"8","author":"Weiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.12.003","article-title":"DHA Supplementation: current implications in pregnancy and childhood","volume":"70","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.01.009","article-title":"Low long chain omega-3 fatty acid status in middle- aged women","volume":"117","author":"Gellert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prost. Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2005047","article-title":"Conversion of \u03b1-linolenic acid to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults","volume":"45","author":"Burdge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3585","article-title":"Canola engineered with a microalgal polyketide synthase- like system produces oil enriched in docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"34","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.12.005","article-title":"Curcumin boosts DHA in the brain: implications for the prevention of anxiety disorders","volume":"1852","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-012-3731-9","article-title":"Uptake of \u03b1-linolenic acid and its conversion to long chain omega-3 fatty acids in rats fed microemulsions of linseed oil","volume":"47","author":"Sugasini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3873-4","article-title":"Lymphatic transport of \u03b1-linolenic acid and its conversion to long chain n-3 fatty acids in rats fed microemulsions of linseed oil","volume":"49","author":"Sugasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2012.724676","article-title":"Emerging role of nanocarriers to increase the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin","volume":"9","author":"Mohanty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025","article-title":"Curcumin\u2013phospholipid complex: preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats","volume":"330","author":"Maiti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1021\/jf100135h","article-title":"Curcumin nanoparticles improve the physicochemical properties of curcumin and effectively enhance its antioxidant and antihepatoma activities","volume":"58","author":"Yen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib17","first-page":"682","article-title":"Tissue distribution & elimination of capsaicin, piperine & curcumin following oral intake in rats","volume":"131","author":"Suresh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1080\/07373930701397343","article-title":"Role of powder particle size on the encapsulation efficiency of oils during spray drying","volume":"25","author":"Jafari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dry. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40190-7","article-title":"Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals with boron trifluoride methanol","volume":"5","author":"Morrison","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.05.064","article-title":"Total antioxidant activity of selected vegetable oils and their influence on total antioxidant values in vivo: a photochemiluminescence based analysis","volume":"164","author":"Sugasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.38.353","article-title":"Effect of sesamin and curcumin on \u03945-desaturation and chain elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in primary cultured rat hepatocytes","volume":"38","author":"Fujiyama-Fujiwara","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60.108","article-title":"Inhibition of rat liver microsomal desaturases by curcumin and related compounds","volume":"60","author":"Kawashima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib26","unstructured":"L. Gillingham, The metabolic fate of alpha linolenic acid: Extremely limited conversion efficiency, \u3008www.ihpmagazine.com\u3009, November\/December (2013) 72-80. (accessed on 7 November 2016)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-010-3464-6","article-title":"Lower efficacy in the utilization of dietary ALA as compared to preformed EPA+DHA on long chain n-3 PUFA levels in rats","volume":"45","author":"Ramaprasad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4054808","article-title":"Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for polyunsaturated (\u03c9\u22123) oils: formation using a spontaneous emulsification method","volume":"62","author":"Gulotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib29","unstructured":"M. West, Winning combination: Turmeric and omega-foods, 2015. \u3008www.liveinthenow.com\u3009. (accessed on 8 November 2016)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.40220","article-title":"The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer's disease: an overview","volume":"11","author":"Mishra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490424702","article-title":"Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"44","author":"Joe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(81)90027-5","article-title":"Metabolism of curcumin-studies with [3H] curcumin","volume":"22","author":"Ravindranath","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2014.46.1.2","article-title":"Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice","volume":"46","author":"Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2015.03.001","article-title":"Curcumin, a golden spice with a low bioavailability","volume":"5","author":"Siviero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Herbal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.03.010","article-title":"Oral bioavailability of curcumin in rat and the herbal analysis from Curcuma longa by LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"853","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1749-y","article-title":"Enhancement of curcumin oral absorption and pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in mice","volume":"69","author":"Zhongfa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S38043","article-title":"Silica-coated flexible liposomes as a nanohybrid delivery system for enhanced oral bioavailability of curcumin","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.02.019","article-title":"Nanoparticle encapsulation improves oral bioavailability of curcumin by at least 9-fold when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer","volume":"37","author":"Shaikh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.01.004","article-title":"An enhanced bioavailable formulation of curcumin using fenugreek-derived soluble dietary fibre","volume":"4","author":"Krishnakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers enhance the bioavailability and brain cancer inhibitory efficacy of curcumin both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.13.46","article-title":"Nanoemulsion-based oral delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components: nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals","volume":"4","author":"McClements","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11483-016-9432-9","article-title":"Influence of Lipid phase composition of Excipient emulsions on curcumin solubility, stability and bio accessibility","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957450","article-title":"Influence of piperine on the pharmaco kinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers","volume":"64","author":"Shoba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.09.007","article-title":"Rats fed linseed oil in microemulsion forms enriches the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum lipids with docosahexaenoic acid and lower calcium transport","volume":"5","author":"Sugasini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000111","article-title":"Rats given linseed oil in microemulsion forms enriches the brain synaptic membrane with docosahexaenoic acid and enhances the neurotransmitter levels in the brain","volume":"18","author":"Sugasini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2024.102630","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000}}],"container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327816302472?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327816302472?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T14:01:07Z","timestamp":1723557667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952327816302472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0952327816302472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Curcumin and linseed oil co-delivered in phospholipid nanoemulsions enhances the levels of docosahexaenoic acid in serum and tissue lipids of rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}