{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1789362263558,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006282","name":"Koning Boudewijnstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019345","name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics of Life Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1788850142000},"page":"76-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A structured framework for human\u2013AI resemblance: Evidence, inference and perception"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Effie Lai-Chong","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Hertwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Paas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brx2.30","article-title":"ChatGPT: the cognitive effects on learning and memory","volume":"1","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain-X"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319112121","article-title":"AI can help people feel heard, but an AI label diminishes this impact","volume":"121","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2022.103139","article-title":"Why do we prefer humans to artificial intelligence in telemarketing? A mind perception explanation","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Retail Consum Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s44206-025-00203-9","article-title":"Where is agency moving to?\u201d: exploring the interplay between AI technologies in education and Human agency","volume":"4","author":"Mouta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digit Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00720-7","article-title":"Influencing human\u2013AI interaction by priming beliefs about AI can increase perceived trustworthiness, empathy and effectiveness","volume":"5","author":"Pataranutaporn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01675-w","article-title":"AI will never convey the essence of human empathy","volume":"7","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0008","series-title":"The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people","author":"Reeves","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, CHI \u201919","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for Human-AI interaction","author":"Amershi","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.622364","article-title":"Human-versus artificial intelligence","volume":"4","author":"Korteling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0011","article-title":"Human-AI interaction research agenda: a user-centered perspective","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Data Inf Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2024.3517892","article-title":"The turing test at 75: its legacy and future prospects","volume":"40","author":"Murugesan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2524472123","article-title":"Large language models pass a standard three-party turing test","volume":"123","author":"Jones","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12130","article-title":"Marr\u2019s levels revisited: understanding how brains break","volume":"7","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0015","series-title":"Vision: a computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information","author":"Marr","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8078","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09215-4","article-title":"A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition","volume":"644","author":"Binz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8058","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08829-y","article-title":"Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types","volume":"640","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treopn.2026.04.004","article-title":"State and capacity in neural models of cognition and consciousness","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.121786","article-title":"AI anthropomorphism and its effect on users\u2019 self-congruence and self\u2013AI integration: a theoretical framework and research agenda","volume":"182","author":"Alabed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215907120","article-title":"The debate over understanding in AI\u2019s large language models","volume":"120","author":"Mitchell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, Z., Mata, R., & Wulff, D.U. (2026). How human-like is LLM cognition? PsyArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/2yvnt_v2.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/2yvnt_v2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niag002","article-title":"Beyond computational equivalence: the behavioral inference principle for machine consciousness","volume":"2026","author":"Palminteri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurosci Conscious"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3772070","article-title":"Take nothing on its look\u201d: revealing users\u2019 Expectations and experiences in social Human\u2013Robot interaction","volume":"15","author":"Lindblom","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hum-Robot Interact"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02247-w","article-title":"Comparing the value of perceived human versus AI-generated empathy","volume":"9","author":"Rubin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2026 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems","article-title":"Belief updating and delegation in multi-task human\u2013AI interaction: evidence from controlled simulations","author":"Biswas","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media","first-page":"522","article-title":"Nicer than humans: how do large language models behave in the prisoner\u2019s dilemma?","volume":"19","author":"Fontana","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"11574","article-title":"Puzzle solving using reasoning of large language models: a survey","author":"Giadikiaroglou","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0028","unstructured":"Meyer, J., Garcia, D., & Wulff, D.U. (2026). Apparent psychological profiles of large language models are largely a measurement artifact, (arXiv:2606.20205). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2606.20205."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae533","article-title":"Large language models display human-like social desirability biases in Big Five personality surveys","volume":"3","author":"Salecha","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02149-x","article-title":"A neural geometry approach comprehensively explains apparently conflicting models of visual perceptual learning","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0031","unstructured":"Geirhos, R., Rubisch, P., Michaelis, C., Bethge, M., Wichmann, F.A., & Brendel, W. (2022). ImageNet-trained CNNs are biased towards texture; increasing shape bias improves accuracy and robustness, (arXiv:1811.12231). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1811.12231."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16318","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-0719","article-title":"Towards automated circuit discovery for mechanistic interpretability","volume":"36","author":"Conmy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X17726794","article-title":"Empathy machines","volume":"165","author":"Bollmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Media Int Aust"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2025.10.011","article-title":"Identifying indicators of consciousness in AI systems","volume":"30","author":"Butlin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-02127-3","article-title":"On the creativity of large language models","volume":"40","author":"Franceschelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0036","series-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on creativity and cognition","first-page":"331","article-title":"Evaluating machine creativity","author":"Jordanous","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/nous.12351","article-title":"The search for invertebrate consciousness","volume":"56","author":"Birch","year":"2022","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2025.101341","article-title":"Lessons from complex systems science for AI governance","volume":"6","author":"Kolt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0039","unstructured":"He-Yueya, J., Ma, W.A., Gandhi, K., Domingue, B.W., Brunskill, E., & Goodman, N.D. (2024). Psychometric alignment: capturing Human knowledge distributions via language models, (arXiv:2407.15645). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.15645."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7255","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0388-18.2018","article-title":"Large-scale, high-resolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and State-of-the-art deep artificial neural networks","volume":"38","author":"Rajalingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0041","unstructured":"Kadavath, S., Conerly, T., Askell, A., Henighan, T., Drain, D., Perez, E., Schiefer, N., Hatfield-Dodds, Z., DasSarma, N., Tran-Johnson, E., Johnston, S., El-Showk, S., Jones, A., Elhage, N., Hume, T., Chen, A., Bai, Y., Bowman, S., Fort, S., \u2026 Kaplan, J. (2022). Language models (Mostly) know what they know, (arXiv:2207.05221). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2207.05221."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0042","unstructured":"Geirhos, R., Narayanappa, K., Mitzkus, B., Thieringer, T., Bethge, M., Wichmann, F.A., & Brendel, W. (2021). Partial success in closing the gap between human and machine vision, (arXiv:2106.07411). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2106.07411."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0043","series-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations","first-page":"25055","article-title":"Quantifying language models\u2019 Sensitivity to spurious features in prompt design or: how I learned to start worrying about prompt formatting","volume":"2024","author":"Sclar","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/jmps.1999.1282","article-title":"Model comparisons and Model selections based on generalization criterion methodology","volume":"44","author":"Busemeyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Math Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.107.2.358","article-title":"How persuasive is a good fit? A comment on theory testing","volume":"107","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000324","article-title":"How experimental methods shaped views on human competence and rationality","volume":"147","author":"Lejarraga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313925121","article-title":"A turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans","volume":"121","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01109-4","article-title":"Aligning generalization between humans and machines","volume":"7","author":"Ilievski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0049","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 conference of the nations of the Americas chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)","first-page":"7874","article-title":"Evaluating the prompt steerability of large language models","author":"Miehling","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/dec0000043","article-title":"How bad is incoherence?","volume":"3","author":"Arkes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1145246","article-title":"The heuristics-and-biases inventory: an open-source tool to explore individual differences in rationality","volume":"14","author":"Berthet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11299-025-00338-9","article-title":"When and why framing effects are neither errors nor mistakes","volume":"24","author":"McKenzie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mind Soc"},{"issue":"4157","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1124","article-title":"Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases","volume":"185","author":"Tversky","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4481","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683","article-title":"The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice","volume":"211","author":"Tversky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-023-00527-x","article-title":"Human-like intuitive behavior and reasoning biases emerged in large language models but disappeared in ChatGPT","volume":"3","author":"Hagendorff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Comput Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00673","article-title":"Instructed to bias: instruction-tuned language models exhibit emergent cognitive bias","volume":"12","author":"Itzhak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Comput Linguist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2015). Delving deep into rectifiers: surpassing Human-level performance on ImageNet classification, (arXiv:1502.01852). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1502.01852.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.123"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0058","unstructured":"Geirhos, R., Temme, C.R.M., Rauber, J., Sch\u00fctt, H.H., Bethge, M., & Wichmann, F.A. (2020). Generalisation in humans and deep neural networks, (arXiv:1808.08750). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1808.08750."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0059","unstructured":"Goodfellow, I.J., Shlens, J., & Szegedy, C. (2015). Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples, (arXiv:1412.6572). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1412.6572."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0060","unstructured":"Betley, J., Cocola, J., Feng, D., Chua, J., Arditi, A., Sztyber-Betley, A., & Evans, O. (2025). Weird generalization and inductive backdoors: new ways to corrupt LLMs, (arXiv:2512.09742). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2512.09742."},{"issue":"8097","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09937-5","article-title":"Training large language models on narrow tasks can lead to broad misalignment","volume":"649","author":"Betley","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617693393","article-title":"Choosing prediction over explanation in psychology: lessons from machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0063","article-title":"The impact of AI errors in a human-in-the-loop process","volume":"9","author":"Agudo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogn Res Princ Implic"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000033","article-title":"Algorithm aversion: people erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err","volume":"144","author":"Dietvorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Gen"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0065","article-title":"Choosing between human and algorithmic advisors: the role of responsibility sharing","volume":"1","author":"Gazit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav: Artif Hum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50.30392","article-title":"Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2018.12.005","article-title":"Algorithm appreciation: people prefer algorithmic to human judgment","volume":"151","author":"Logg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905334117","article-title":"Performance vs. Competence in human\u2013machine comparisons","volume":"117","author":"Firestone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01041-7","article-title":"Dimensions underlying the representational alignment of deep neural networks with humans","volume":"7","author":"Mahner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0070","first-page":"4","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis \u2013 Connecting the branches of Systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0071","article-title":"Getting aligned on representational alignment","author":"Sucholutsky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.04.002","article-title":"Interpreting encoding and decoding models","volume":"55","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol Mach Learn Big Data Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.007","article-title":"Representational geometry: integrating cognition, computation, and the brain","volume":"17","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.001","article-title":"Seeing it all: convolutional network layers map the function of the human visual system","volume":"152","author":"Eickenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403112111","article-title":"Performance-optimized hierarchical models predict neural responses in higher visual cortex","volume":"111","author":"Yamins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014196118","article-title":"Unsupervised neural network models of the ventral visual stream","volume":"118","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03036-1","article-title":"Brains and algorithms partially converge in natural language processing","volume":"5","author":"Caucheteux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105646118","article-title":"The neural architecture of language: integrative modeling converges on predictive processing","volume":"118","author":"Schrimpf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01304-9","article-title":"Semantic reconstruction of continuous language from non-invasive brain recordings","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46631-y","article-title":"Alignment of brain embeddings and artificial contextual embeddings in natural language points to common geometric patterns","volume":"15","author":"Goldstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639","article-title":"Grounded cognition","volume":"59","author":"Barsalou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2024.105794","article-title":"Mapping semantic space: exploring the higher-order structure of word meaning","volume":"248","author":"Diveica","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0082","unstructured":"Gavrikov, P., Lukasik, J., Jung, S., Geirhos, R., Lamm, B., Mirza, M.J., Keuper, M., & Keuper, J. (2024). Are vision language models texture or shape biased and can we steer them? (arXiv:2403.09193; Version 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.09193."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0083","unstructured":"Radford, A., Kim, J.W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., Krueger, G., & Sutskever, I. (2021). Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision, (arXiv:2103.00020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2103.00020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, A., Cao, T., Chen, Z., & Hooi, B. (2025). Words or vision: do vision-language models have blind faith in text? (arXiv:2503.02199). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.02199.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.00366"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0085","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"33737","article-title":"Mechanisms vs. Outcomes: probing for syntax fails to explain performance on targeted syntactic evaluations","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1805563115","article-title":"Causal inference in coupled human and natural systems","volume":"116","author":"Ferraro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-023-00050-9","article-title":"Consensus definitions of perception-action-integration in action control","volume":"2","author":"Frings","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X13511661","article-title":"Emboldened by embodiment: six precepts for research on embodied learning and mixed reality","volume":"42","author":"Lindgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.93.3.322","article-title":"Human cognition in its social context","volume":"93","author":"Wyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01747-2","article-title":"A framework for building cognitive process models","volume":"27","author":"Jarecki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01026-4","article-title":"Shared computational principles for language processing in humans and deep language models","volume":"25","author":"Goldstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae233","article-title":"Language models, like humans, show content effects on reasoning tasks","volume":"3","author":"Lampinen","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0093","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: EMNLP 2020","first-page":"4625","article-title":"Exploring BERT\u2019s sensitivity to lexical cues using tests from semantic priming","author":"Misra","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0094","series-title":"Second workshop on test-time adaptation: putting updates to the test! at ICML 2025","article-title":"Learning to self-correct through chain-of-thought verification","author":"Guo","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24824","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1800","article-title":"Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","volume":"35","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00367","article-title":"Aligning faithful interpretations with their social attribution","volume":"9","author":"Jacovi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Comput Linguist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0097","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference of the north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, Volume 1 (long and Short Papers)","first-page":"3543","article-title":"Attention is not explanation","author":"Jain","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turpin, M., Michael, J., Perez, E., & Bowman, S.R. (2023). Language models don\u2019t always say what they think: unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting, (arXiv:2305.04388). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2305.04388.","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-3275"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0099","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing and the 9th international joint conference on natural language processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","first-page":"11","article-title":"Attention is not not explanation","author":"Wiegreffe","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0100","unstructured":"Bereska, L., & Gavves, E. (2024). Mechanistic interpretability for AI safety\u2014A review, (arXiv:2404.14082). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2404.14082."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s13194-024-00614-4","article-title":"Explaining AI through mechanistic interpretability","volume":"14","author":"K\u00e4stner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Philos Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0102","unstructured":"Li, K., Hopkins, A.K., Bau, D., Vi\u00e9gas, F., Pfister, H., & Wattenberg, M. (2024). Emergent world representations: exploring a sequence model trained on a synthetic task, (arXiv:2210.13382). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2210.13382."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0103","unstructured":"Olsson, C., Elhage, N., Nanda, N., Joseph, N., DasSarma, N., Henighan, T., Mann, B., Askell, A., Bai, Y., Chen, A., Conerly, T., Drain, D., Ganguli, D., Hatfield-Dodds, Z., Hernandez, D., Johnston, S., Jones, A., Kernion, J., Lovitt, L., \u2026 Olah, C. (2022). In-context learning and induction heads, (arXiv:2209.11895). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2209.11895."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0104","unstructured":"Yuan, Y., & S\u00f8gaard, A. (2025). Revisiting the Othello World Model hypothesis, (arXiv:2503.04421). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.04421."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0105","first-page":"6","article-title":"Towards monosemanticity: decomposing language models with dictionary learning","volume":"2","author":"Bricken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transform Circuits Thread"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0106","unstructured":"Cunningham, H., Ewart, A., Riggs, L., Huben, R., & Sharkey, L. (2023). Sparse autoencoders find highly interpretable features in language models, (arXiv:2309.08600). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2309.08600."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00571.x","article-title":"Cognitive variability","volume":"10","author":"Siegler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0108","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th conference on computational natural language learning","first-page":"624","article-title":"BabyBERTa: learning more grammar with small-scale child-directed language","author":"Huebner","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.2307\/1166115","article-title":"Overregularization in language acquisition","volume":"57","author":"Marcus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Monogr Soc Res Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0110","series-title":"Proceedings of the BabyLM challenge at the 27th conference on computational natural language learning","first-page":"1","article-title":"Findings of the BabyLM challenge: sample-efficient pretraining on developmentally plausible corpora","author":"Warstadt","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.08.007","article-title":"Bridging the data gap between children and large language models","volume":"27","author":"Frank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X16001837","article-title":"Building machines that learn and think like people","volume":"40","author":"Lake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-026-11510-z","article-title":"Overloaded minds and machines: a cognitive load framework for human-AI symbiosis","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2518443122","article-title":"The simulation of judgment in LLMs","volume":"122","author":"Loru","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quattrociocchi, W., Capraro, V., & Perc, M. (2025). Epistemological fault lines between human and artificial intelligence, (arXiv:2512.19466). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2512.19466.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/c5gh8_v1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-026-00495-y","article-title":"Statistical approximation is not general intelligence","volume":"650","author":"Quattrociocchi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capraro, V. (2026). LLMorphism: when humans come to see themselves as language models, (arXiv:2605.05419). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2605.05419.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/s7g2b_v1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0118","unstructured":"Han, T.A., Leibo, J.Z., Lenaerts, T., Rahwan, I., Santos, F., Perc, M., & Capraro, V. (2026). Social physics in the age of artificial intelligence, (arXiv:2603.16900). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2603.16900."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0119","unstructured":"Aw, K.L., Montariol, S., AlKhamissi, B., Schrimpf, M., & Bosselut, A. (2023, December 1). Instruction-tuning aligns LLMs to the Human brain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2312.00575."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006897","article-title":"Deep convolutional models improve predictions of macaque V1 responses to natural images","volume":"15","author":"Cadena","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.044","article-title":"A task-optimized neural network replicates Human auditory behavior, predicts brain responses, and reveals a cortical processing hierarchy","volume":"98","author":"Kell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0122","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"18431","article-title":"Language models and brains align due to more than next-word prediction and word-level information","author":"Merlin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0123","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"20313","article-title":"Unveiling multi-level and multi-modal semantic representations in the Human brain using large language models","author":"Nakagi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8032","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07763-9","article-title":"A Drosophila computational brain model reveals sensorimotor processing","volume":"634","author":"Shiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8074","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09029-4","article-title":"Whole-body physics simulation of fruit fly locomotion","volume":"643","author":"Vaxenburg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-024-00738-w","article-title":"An integrative data-driven model simulating C. elegans brain, body and environment interactions","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Comput Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0127","unstructured":"Hussain, Z., Mata, R., Newell, B.R., & Wulff, D.U. (2024). Probing the contents of semantic representations from text, behavior, and brain data using the psychNorms metabase (arXiv:2412.04936). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2412.04936."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0128","unstructured":"Feghhi, E., Hadidi, N., Song, B., Blank, I.A., & Kao, J.C. (2024). What are large language models mapping to in the brain? A case against over-reliance on brain scores, (arXiv:2406.01538). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2406.01538."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0129","series-title":"ICLR 2024 workshop on representational alignment","article-title":"A case for sparse positive alignment of neural systems","author":"Prince","year":"2024"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905544116","article-title":"Recurrence is required to capture the representational dynamics of the human visual system","volume":"116","author":"Kietzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007001","article-title":"Beyond core object recognition: recurrent processes account for object recognition under occlusion","volume":"15","author":"Rajaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003354","article-title":"Recurrence affects the geometry of visual representations across the ventral visual stream in the human brain","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5487-07.2008","article-title":"A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in Human cortex","volume":"28","author":"Hasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00587-4","article-title":"Theories of consciousness","volume":"23","author":"Seth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0135","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL 2025","first-page":"24208","article-title":"A rebuttal of two common deflationary stances against LLM cognition","author":"Hussain","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1086\/668002","article-title":"Dissociations in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience","volume":"79","author":"Machery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.03.015","article-title":"Simple dissociations for a higher-powered neuropsychology","volume":"103","author":"McIntosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-00257-z","article-title":"Shortcut learning in deep neural networks","volume":"2","author":"Geirhos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0139","series-title":"Proceedings of the 40th international conference on machine learning","first-page":"31210","article-title":"Large language models can Be easily distracted by irrelevant context","author":"Shi","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-11040-6","article-title":"Specification overfitting in artificial intelligence","volume":"58","author":"Roth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640444","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.640444","article-title":"Can robots earn our trust the same way humans do? A systematic exploration of competence, warmth, and anthropomorphism as determinants of trust development in HRI","volume":"8","author":"Christoforakos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0142","first-page":"331","article-title":"Almost human: anthropomorphism increases trust resilience in cognitive agents","volume":"22","author":"De Visser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0143","unstructured":"Long, R., Sebo, J., Butlin, P., Finlinson, K., Fish, K., Harding, J., Pfau, J., Sims, T., Birch, J., & Chalmers, D. (2024). Taking AI welfare seriously (arXiv:2411.00986). ArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2411.00986."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0144","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on human computation and crowdsourcing","first-page":"2","article-title":"Beyond accuracy: the role of mental models in human\u2013AI team performance","volume":"7","author":"Bansal","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2024.100988","article-title":"AI deception: a survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-021-01016-7","article-title":"Future directions for chatbot research: an interdisciplinary research agenda","volume":"103","author":"F\u00f8lstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0147","series-title":"Artificial intelligence: a modern approach","author":"Russell","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.043","article-title":"Matching categorical object representations in inferior temporal cortex of man and monkey","volume":"60","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003_bib0149","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Updates in human\u2013AI teams: understanding and addressing the performance\/compatibility tradeoff","volume":"33","author":"Bansal","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Physics of Life Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1571064526000795?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1571064526000795?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T04:31:31Z","timestamp":1789360291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1571064526000795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":150,"alternative-id":["S1571064526000795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1571-0645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1571-0645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A structured framework for human\u2013AI resemblance: Evidence, inference and perception","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics of Life Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plrev.2026.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}