{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1787169356440,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012400","name":"Sigma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["painmanagementnursing.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T01:44:35Z","timestamp":1573695875000},"page":"314-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Efficacy of Precise Foot Massage Therapy on Pain and Anxiety Following Cardiac Surgery: Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rana","family":"Alameri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9889-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Castner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Elghoneimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4248-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Jungquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-011-9480-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus morphine in post-operative cardiac surgery patients","volume":"33","author":"Abd Aziz","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib2","first-page":"4","article-title":"The effects of massage therapy on pain management in the acute care setting","volume":"3","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010110393353","article-title":"Effects of healing touch in clinical practice: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Holistic Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2015.02.006","article-title":"The effects of healing touch on pain, nausea, and anxiety following bariatric surgery: A pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Explore"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.6.13935","article-title":"Validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the state-trait anxiety inventory in a Saudi dental setting","volume":"37","author":"Bahammam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2009.06.012","article-title":"Effect of massage therapy on pain, anxiety, and tension after cardiac surgery: A randomized study","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.08.014","article-title":"Evaluation of the preliminary effectiveness of hand massage therapy on postoperative pain of adults in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Boitor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00176-3","article-title":"What decline in pain intensity is meaningful to patients with acute pain?","volume":"105","author":"Cepeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608359","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/608359","article-title":"Postoperative pain trajectories in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"2012","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E213","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131012","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for persistent postoperative nonanginal pain after cardiac surgery: A 2-year prospective multicenter study","volume":"186","author":"Choiniere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.12.008","volume":"17","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253210378401","article-title":"Pain management after cardiac surgery","volume":"14","author":"Cogan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3765-6","article-title":"Direct extubation onto high-flow nasal cannulae postcardiac surgery versus standard treatment in patients with a BMI\u2265 30: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Corley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2012.07.005","article-title":"Jordanian patients\u2019 satisfaction with pain management","volume":"15","author":"Darawad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decreasing severe pain and serious adverse events while moving intensive care unit patients: A prospective interventional study (the NURSE-DO project)","volume":"17","author":"de Jong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2007.11.005","article-title":"Reducing pain in patients undergoing cardiac surgery after implementation of a quality improvement postoperative pain treatment program","volume":"23","author":"Diby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib18","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effect of lavender cream with or without foot-bath on anxiety, stress and depression in pregnancy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Effati-Daryani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/14-236","article-title":"Effect of structured touch and guided imagery for pain and anxiety in elective joint replacement patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Forward","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Permanente Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib20","series-title":"Mosby\u2019s Fundamentals of Therapeutic Massage","author":"Fritz","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib21","series-title":"Clinical Massage in the Healthcare Setting","author":"Fritz","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.860019","article-title":"Incidence, patient satisfaction, and perceptions of post-surgical pain: Results from a US national survey","volume":"30","author":"Gan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-014-0083-2","article-title":"Risk factors and early pharmacological interventions to prevent chronic postsurgical pain following cardiac surgery","volume":"14","author":"Gjeilo","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.012","article-title":"Revised American pain society patient outcome questionnaire (APS-POQ-R) for quality improvement of pain management in hospitalized adults: Preliminary psychometric evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200006000-00012","article-title":"Foot massage: A nursing intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer","volume":"23","author":"Grealish","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2015947","article-title":"East meets west: Effects of massage on the experience of cardiac surgery patients","volume":"24","author":"Halm","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-29","article-title":"Preoperative ejection fraction as a predictor of survival after coronary artery bypass grafting: comparison with a matched general population","volume":"5","author":"Hamad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib27","first-page":"569","article-title":"30-day readmissions after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in New York State","volume":"4","author":"Hannan","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2002.02083.x","article-title":"The impact of foot massage and guided relaxation following cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Hattan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Advance Nursing"},{"issue":"S11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.09.009","article-title":"Heart-focused anxiety before and after cardiac surgery","volume":"64","author":"Hoyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.675","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on pain and anxiety experienced during conscious surgery","volume":"19","author":"Hudson","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.01101.x","article-title":"The effect of foot massage on patients\u2019 perception of care following laparoscopic sterilization as day case patients","volume":"30","author":"Hulme","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Advance Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01386.x","article-title":"The association between preoperative pain catastrophizing and postoperative pain intensity in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib34","first-page":"706","article-title":"The visual analog scale allows effective measurement of preoperative anxiety and detection of patients\u2019 anesthetic concerns","volume":"90","author":"Kindler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01202.x","article-title":"A\u00a0theory of holistic comfort for nursing","volume":"19","author":"Kolcaba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib36","first-page":"465","article-title":"The effect of hand and foot massage on post-cesarean pain and anxiety","volume":"3","author":"Kordi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/JNR.0b013e318236cf68","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of sleep patterns and factors that disturb sleep after heart surgery","volume":"19","author":"Liao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2014.06.047","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of hand massage therapy for pain management of postoperative cardiac surgery patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"43","author":"Martorella","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Acute and Critical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)91074-8","article-title":"The short-form McGill pain questionnaire","volume":"30","author":"Melzack","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib40","first-page":"423","article-title":"Sensory, motivational, and central control determinants of pain: A new conceptual model","volume":"1","author":"Melzack","year":"1968","journal-title":"The Skin Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28753-4_2298","article-title":"McGill pain questionnaire","author":"Melzack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrsc.2016.11.003","article-title":"Massage therapy reduces pain and anxiety after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Miozzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Trials and Regulatory Science in Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib43","first-page":"321","article-title":"Comparison of impact of foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation on severity of pain after cesarean section: A randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Payesh Health Monitor"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2013.0177","article-title":"Foot massage and physiological stress in people with dementia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Moyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000633","article-title":"Intraoperative methadone for the prevention of postoperative pain: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial in cardiac surgical patients","volume":"122","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2011.06.009","article-title":"Preoperative mood disorders in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Risk factors and postoperative morbidity in the intensive care unit","volume":"64","author":"Navarro-Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010001100008","article-title":"Effects of massage therapy on sleep quality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"65","author":"Nerbass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2010.05.002","article-title":"Effect of music on postoperative pain and physiologic parameters of patients after open heart surgery","volume":"14","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib49","series-title":"Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management","author":"Pasero","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2016.03.001","article-title":"Prescribing and administering opioid doses based solely on pain intensity: A position statement by the American society for pain management nursing","volume":"17","author":"Pasero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib51","series-title":"Statistics and data analysis for nursing research","author":"Polit","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2007.11.002","article-title":"Perspective on pain management in the 21st century","volume":"9","author":"Polomano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9557-8","article-title":"Preoperative sleep complaints are associated with poor physical recovery in the months following cardiac surgery","volume":"47","author":"Poole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1062","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2013-132215","article-title":"Chronic pain after surgery: Pathophysiology, risk factors and prevention","volume":"90","author":"Reddi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sa.0000119049.14209.31","article-title":"Postcardiac surgery complications: Association of acute renal dysfunction and atrial fibrillation","volume":"48","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal Survey of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2016.05.014","article-title":"Massage as adjuvant therapy in the management of post-cesarean pain and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Saatsaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20914","article-title":"Minimal clinically important change on the unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale","volume":"21","author":"Schrag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib58","first-page":"574","article-title":"The effect of lavender essential oil on anxiety level in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Seifi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02201.x","article-title":"The role of massage in scar management: A literature review","volume":"38","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2006.09.001","article-title":"Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain","volume":"7","author":"Sloman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0096-7","article-title":"Obesity\u2013a risk factor for postoperative complications in general surgery?","volume":"15","author":"Tjeertes","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2012.03.001","article-title":"Foot massage: Effectiveness on postoperative pain in breast surgery patients","volume":"15","author":"Ucuzal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318237516e","article-title":"Impact of perioperative pain intensity, pain qualities, and opioid use on chronic pain after surgery: A prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"VanDenKerkhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I69","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq323","article-title":"When does acute pain become chronic?","volume":"105","author":"Voscopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2010.10.005","article-title":"Massage therapy after cardiac surgery","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seminars in Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-57","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of a visual analog scale for the assessment of anxiety","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x","article-title":"Pain: A review of three commonly used pain rating scales","volume":"14","author":"Williamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-104802","article-title":"Postoperative foot massage for patients after caesarean delivery","volume":"220","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geburtshilfe and Neonatologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2014.001","article-title":"A\u00a0review of current analgesic techniques in cardiac surgery. Is epidural worth it?","volume":"6","author":"Ziyaeifard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Research"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2023.08.007","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000}}],"container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904218302224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904218302224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T22:24:01Z","timestamp":1664922241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1524904218302224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1524904218302224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of Precise Foot Massage Therapy on Pain and Anxiety Following Cardiac Surgery: Pilot Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pain Management Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}