{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:50:44Z","timestamp":1787068244839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","painmanagementnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T07:23:35Z","timestamp":1747725815000},"page":"592-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Effects of Stress Ball Practice on Patient Anxiety, Pain and Vital Signs During Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda Cansu","family":"Yeni\u011f\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Demir Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1097\/CNJ.0000000000000581","article-title":"Attitudes of Iranian nurses toward spirituality and spiritual care","volume":"36","author":"Abdollahyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Christian Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0002","series-title":"Pain Management in Special Circumstances","article-title":"Non-pharmacological pain management","author":"Geziry","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0295-3","article-title":"Differences in pain experience and cooperation between consecutive surgeries in patients undergoing phacoemulsification","volume":"37","author":"Akkaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0004","article-title":"Effectiveness of intra operative hand holding on anxiety and physiological parameters among patients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"4","author":"Anuja","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"The sensitivity and selectivity of the visual analog scale and verbal rating scale in the assessment of post-operative pain","volume":"8","author":"Aslan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Yo\u011fun Bak\u0131m Hem\u015fireli\u011fi Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0046","article-title":"CONSORT statement for randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatments: a 2017 update and a consort extension for nonpharmacologic trial abstracts","volume":"167","author":"Boutron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2020.07.002","article-title":"Strategies to maximize patient comfort during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy\u2013A randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Surgeon"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5670","article-title":"Effects of patient-directed music intervention on anxiety and sedative exposure in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Chlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199211000-00013","article-title":"Standardization of the visual analogue scale","volume":"41","author":"Cline","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.13914","article-title":"Pain perception in phacoemulsification with topical anaesthesia and evaluation of factors related with pain","volume":"46","author":"Dadac\u0131","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.07.015","article-title":"A one-item question with a Likert or Visual analog scale adequately measured current anxiety","volume":"60","author":"Davey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02552-w","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety in adults\u2014A cross-sectional study on specific fears and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Eberhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/amj.2020.03.06","article-title":"Chronic post sternotomy pain: the role of sternal wire removal\u2014a review","volume":"5","author":"Elmistekawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"AME Medical Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0016","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Validation of visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A) in preanesthesia evaluation","volume":"79","author":"Facco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiologica"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0018","first-page":"2697","article-title":"Using immersive virtual reality distraction to reduce fear and anxiety before surgery","volume":"11","author":"Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.09.006","article-title":"The effect of virtual reality glasses and stress balls on pain and vital findings during transrectal prostate biopsy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Gen\u00e7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of PeriAnaesthesia Nursing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2018.0491","article-title":"Three distraction methods for pain reduction during cystoscopy: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction","volume":"32","author":"Gezginci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Endourology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.748296","article-title":"Efficacy of preoperative music intervention on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"12","author":"Guerrier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"S11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2016.06.012","article-title":"How to analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, truths, and clinical relevance","volume":"13","author":"Heller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.675","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on pain and anxiety experienced during conscious surgery","volume":"19","author":"Hudson","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87359-z","article-title":"Analysis of anxiety and pain in patients undergoing immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery or unilateral cataract surgery","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0026","article-title":"Changing trends in the global burden of cataract over the past 30 years: retrospective data analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2016.02.002","article-title":"The mechanism of music for reducing psychological stress: music preference as a mediator","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Arts in Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0028","series-title":"Health sciences research: Nursing & midwifery-V","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current approaches to pain management in the intensive care unit","author":"Kara","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000739","article-title":"The effect of using a stress ball during endoscopy on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Karatas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Nursing: The Official Journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102705","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 use of nonpharmacological pain management methods in intensive care units: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"58","author":"Kia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2019.22","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of massage based on slow stroke back massage on the anxiety of candidates for cataract surgery","volume":"63","author":"Mohammadpourhodki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0032","unstructured":"National Eye Institute. (2024). Cataracts. Retrieved September 29, 2024, from https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/cataracts."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0033","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Cataract (Nursing)","author":"Nizami","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S298876","article-title":"Subjective opinions of patients about step-by-step cataract surgery preparation","volume":"15","author":"Obuchowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0035","first-page":"51","article-title":"Evaluation of anxiety levels of patients who are waiting for an elective surgery","volume":"40","author":"Oflaz","year":"1998","journal-title":"G\u00fclhane Askeri T\u0131p Akademisi B\u00fclteni"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0036","series-title":"State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"\u00d6ner","year":"1982"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac2589","article-title":"The physics of human breathing: flow, timing, volume, and pressure parameters for normal, on-demand, and ventilator respiration","volume":"15","author":"Pleil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of breath research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0013","article-title":"Utilization of a stress ball to diminish anxiety during nail surgery","volume":"105","author":"Ricardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0039","first-page":"3","article-title":"Surgery for obesity and related diseases","author":"Safari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Official Journal of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1666996","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety levels and pain during cataract surgery","volume":"45","author":"Socea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19894","article-title":"Cataract Surgical rate and socioeconomics: a global study","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0042","article-title":"Cataract prevalence and its associated factors among adult people aged 40 years and above in South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"2023","author":"Wolde Kentayiso","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.1783","article-title":"Effect of stress ball use or hand-holding on anxiety during skin cancer excision: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"154","author":"Yanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04372-5","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of video supplementation on the cataract surgery informed consent process","volume":"257","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie"}],"container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904225001705?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904225001705?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T11:57:40Z","timestamp":1757678260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1524904225001705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1524904225001705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Effects of Stress Ball Practice on Patient Anxiety, Pain and Vital Signs During Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pain Management Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2025.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}