{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:04:05Z","timestamp":1790168645129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","painmanagementnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T20:24:14Z","timestamp":1779481454000},"page":"e883-e890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Exercise for Pain Management in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Network Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1435-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-di","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-tong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-dong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2023.10188","article-title":"Diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy: Is prescribing physical exercise the answer?","volume":"24","author":"Akhtar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules and Biomedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1749","article-title":"Neuropathic pain with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Braffett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0003","first-page":"2409","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of eight-section brocade exercise combined with acupuncture therapy on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"42","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [liaoning zhong yi za zhi]"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076654","article-title":"Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA","volume":"8","author":"Chaimani","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-22-693","article-title":"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy essentials: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Palliative Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10364","article-title":"Changes of sodium channel expression in experimental painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"52","author":"Craner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249582","article-title":"Could an internet-based foot-ankle therapeutic exercise program modify clinical outcomes and gait biomechanics in people with diabetic neuropathy? A clinical proof-of-concept study","volume":"22","author":"Cruvinel-J\u00fanior","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01128-2","article-title":"Spie charts for quantifying treatment effectiveness and safety in multiple outcome network meta-analysis: A proof-of-concept study","volume":"20","author":"Daly","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0602-7","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on quality of life in population with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a single blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Dixit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0010","first-page":"629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.03.008","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Gomes-Neto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060462","article-title":"How do peripheral neurons and glial cells participate in pain alleviation by physical activity?","volume":"14","author":"Hanani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: Concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P., Savovi\u0107, J., Page, M., Elbers R., & Sterne, J. (2020). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In J. P. T. Higgins, J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M. J. Page, & V. A. Welch (Ed.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 6.1) (updated September 2020). https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-08. doi:10.1080\/14767058.2017.1366983","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1366983"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0015","first-page":"557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215042","article-title":"The application of exercise training for diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Holmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-019-00476-1","article-title":"Whole body vibration showed beneficial effect on pain, balance measures and quality of life in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Jamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.04.002","article-title":"Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making: Report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices: Part 1","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps30151","article-title":"A review of beneficial low-intensity exercises in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.01.004","article-title":"Whole body vibration improves symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Kessler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-024-00924-6","article-title":"Effects of multisystem exercises on balance, postural stability, mobility, walking speed, and pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Khurshid","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0022","first-page":"40","article-title":"Study on the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sichuan Sports Science"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0023","first-page":"608","article-title":"Effect of different exercise intervention methods on female patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. [Effects of different exercise interventions on female patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy]","volume":"32","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065977","article-title":"Diabetic polyneuropathy: New strategies to target sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia","volume":"24","author":"Miyashita","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs22164208","article-title":"The effect of aerobic exercises on pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"16","author":"Naimat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"e1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2022-300457","article-title":"Vitruvian plot: A visualisation tool for multiple outcomes in network meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ostinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0027","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S483941","article-title":"Physical activity to reduce pain scale in diabetic neuropathy patients: A scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Pebrianti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.01.004","article-title":"Novel treatment modalities for painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"15","author":"Rastogi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0030","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effects of computer-based balance exercises on balance, pain, clinical presentation and nerve function in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled study","volume":"24","author":"Reyhan\u0131oglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeleton and Neuronal Interactions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: An overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-1083.183449","article-title":"Transcutaneous nerve stimulation versus aerobic exercise in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"53","author":"Serry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0682-6","article-title":"Exercise as therapy for diabetic and prediabetic neuropathy","volume":"15","author":"Singleton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Diabetes Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01596-6","article-title":"Exercise and neuropathy: Systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Streckmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104204","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of 11 non-pharmacological interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and caregiver burden for informal caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102603","article-title":"Effect of various exercise protocols on neuropathic pain in individuals with type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Tatikola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0037","unstructured":"Tayebe, A. P., Seyyed, R. A. H., Nahid, B., & Mohammad, R. H. N. (2018). The study of the effect of a 16-week program of resistance-aerobic training on BDNF, Hba1c, pain, and Michigan neuropathy score among type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 9(11), 811. https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms2\/article\/abstract?v=uXGtp3S0eCBp9sz1JWJbYNPQzwYG16mocDJ4eQeMt78Idph9XWcIEYOJWvb9VoAOEWQvkmrf9IQGMtHN5B500E8NBFfjXj2weC5toGWetDwu88ivevnDVFWWPDJraW70Rpj8uWPFjypIH4v-KggZKT-SGHp1rtVMDZ07dBr848ymP0wbCPZfYWia8498NAvozZQpUYtlRms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4103\/jod.jod_47_21","article-title":"Whole-body vibration, in addition to balance exercise, shows positive effects for strength and functional ability in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Waheed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0039","first-page":"4408","article-title":"Effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise on quality of life of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Henan Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12676","article-title":"Hand and foot exercises for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Win","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nursing & Health Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0041","series-title":"[Doctoral dissertation]","article-title":"Clinical study on the effect of massage combined with Tai Ji Chuan on the quality of life of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy","author":"Yue","year":"2017"},{"issue":"197","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/65421","article-title":"Effects of mindfulness training combined with Tai Chi in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155999","article-title":"Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990-2021","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012_bib0044","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effect of acupoint massage combined with exercise training on patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. [Effect of acupoint massage combined with exercise training on patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy]","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"New World of Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Pain Management Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904226001529?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1524904226001529?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:22:57Z","timestamp":1790166177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1524904226001529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1524904226001529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-9042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of Exercise for Pain Management in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Network Meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pain Management Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2026.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}