{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T19:16:50Z","timestamp":1773602210449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T10:53:44Z","timestamp":1113821624000},"page":"537-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Disorders of the acromioclavicular joint"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Robert D","family":"Mehrberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Lobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilford K","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB1","series-title":"The genuine works of Hippocrates translated from the Greek, with a preliminary discourse and annotations","author":"Adams","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260010801","article-title":"The evaluation and treatment of the injured acromioclavicular joint in athletes","volume":"26","author":"Lemos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB3","series-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","author":"Evans","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199905000-00004","article-title":"Painful conditions of the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"7","author":"Shaffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)37142-0","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints","volume":"43","author":"Depalma","year":"1963","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB6","series-title":"The shoulder","first-page":"483","article-title":"Disorders of the acromioclavicular joint","author":"Rockwood","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB7","series-title":"Anatomy of the human body","author":"Gray","year":"1918"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00009","article-title":"Effect of capsular injury on acromioclavicular joint mechanics","volume":"83","author":"Debski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00019","article-title":"Biomechanical study of the ligamentous system of the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"68","author":"Fukada","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB10","first-page":"510","article-title":"Acromioclavicular joint injuries","volume":"19","author":"Cook","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199804001-00005","article-title":"Acromioclavicular joint disorders","volume":"30","author":"Turnbull","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80063-1","article-title":"Incidence and causes of shoulder girdle injuries in an urban population","volume":"4","author":"Nordqvist","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300415","article-title":"Injuries in junior hockey: a three year prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Stuart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400517","article-title":"Shoulder injuries during alpine skiing","volume":"24","author":"Kocher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB15","series-title":"Chapman's orthopedic surgery","first-page":"2087","article-title":"Chronic and acute injuries of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints","author":"Wirth","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198908000-00015","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of acromioclavicular dislocation","volume":"245","author":"Post","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB17","first-page":"203","article-title":"Injury to the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"45","author":"Neilson","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196300280-00012","article-title":"Acromioclavicular separations: useful and practical classification for treatment","volume":"28","author":"Tossy","year":"1963","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB19","series-title":"The upper extremity in sports medicine","first-page":"159","article-title":"Acromioclavicular complex","author":"Bergfeld","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.112.3.493","article-title":"Shoulder pain: involvement of the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"112","author":"Zanca","year":"1971","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194908112410601","article-title":"Complete acromioclavicular dislocation","volume":"241","author":"Bosworth","year":"1949","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-68-815-1181","article-title":"A comparison of the methods of distraction for stress examination of the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"68","author":"Sluming","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70139-5","article-title":"Conservative management of shoulder injuries: acromioclavicular joint injuries","volume":"31","author":"Clarke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80497-9","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of weighted radiographs in diagnosing acute acromioclavicular separation","volume":"17","author":"Bossart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270062001","article-title":"The value of weighted views of the acromioclavicular joint: results of a survey","volume":"27","author":"Yap","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB26","series-title":"Sports injury assessment and rehabiliation","first-page":"895","article-title":"Shoulder region","author":"Reid","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199808000-00003","article-title":"Acromioclavicular dislocation: conservative or surgical therapy","volume":"353","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.2684990","article-title":"The management of acute acromioclavicular dislocation","volume":"71","author":"Bannister","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769070-00013","article-title":"Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"69","author":"Taft","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199701000-00002","article-title":"Acromioclavicualr joint injuries and distal clavicle fractures","volume":"5","author":"Nuber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B3.0780410","article-title":"Long term results of conservative treatment for acromioclavicular dislocation","volume":"78","author":"Rawes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290060401","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of untreated acute grade III acromioclavicular separations","volume":"29","author":"Schlegel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB33","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Injuries to the shoulder girdle","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Miller","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB34","series-title":"Orthopaedic knowledge update 6","first-page":"287","article-title":"Shoulder instability","author":"Higgins","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(84)90027-X","article-title":"Degenerative deformations of the acromioclavicular joint in the elderly","volume":"3","author":"Horvath","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B2.0780242","article-title":"Patterns of degenerative change in the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"78","author":"Edelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Join Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.4.8610564","article-title":"MR imaging of the rotator cuff: peritendinous and bone abnormalities in an asymptomatic population","volume":"166","author":"Needell","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.27.2.125","article-title":"Shoulder tendonitis and osteoarthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint relation to sports","volume":"27","author":"Stenlund","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB39","first-page":"588","article-title":"Radiographic osteoarthrosis in the acromioclavicular joint resulting from manual work or exposure to vibration","volume":"49","author":"Stenlund","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80024-3","article-title":"The acromion: morphologic condition and age related changes: a study of 420 scapulas","volume":"5","author":"Nicholson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678308996596","article-title":"Radiographic joint space narrowing in normal acromioclavicular joints","volume":"54","author":"Petersson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB42","first-page":"516","article-title":"Relationship between MRI and clinical findings in the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"31","author":"Jordan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB43","first-page":"380","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroid injections in the acromioclavicular joint","volume":"34","author":"Jacob","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.10.1514","article-title":"Acromioclavicular joint arthritis treated by mobilizing the glenohumeral joint","volume":"65","author":"Cibulka","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(87)90010-6","article-title":"Resection of the lateral end of the clavicle following osteolysis, with emphasis on no-traumatic osteolysis of the acromial end of the clavicle in athletes","volume":"18","author":"Scavenius","year":"1987","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199213030-00005","article-title":"Atraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle: a review","volume":"13","author":"Cahill","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264070-00015","article-title":"Osteolysis of the distal part of the clavicle in male athletes","volume":"64","author":"Cahill","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200219","article-title":"Atraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle","volume":"22","author":"Slawski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB49","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Incidence of acromioclavicular joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a 15 year endpoint study","volume":"26","author":"Lehtinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198710000-00011","article-title":"The acromioclavicular joint in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"223","author":"Petersson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.11.1320","article-title":"Acromioclavicular cyst and \u201cporcupine shoulder\u201d in gout","volume":"40","author":"DeSantis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB52","first-page":"2045","article-title":"Acromioclavicular joint cyst: a presenting feature of full thickness rotator cuff tear","volume":"27","author":"Selvi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254060-00005","article-title":"Treatment of acromioclavicular injuries, especially complete acromioclavicular separation","volume":"54(A)","author":"Weaver","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"}],"container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965103001347?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965103001347?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T03:25:45Z","timestamp":1760930745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047965103001347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047965103001347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9651","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disorders of the acromioclavicular joint","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2003.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}