{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T04:11:44Z","timestamp":1760933504151,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1401710854000},"page":"531-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Neuromuscular Conditions Using Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin T.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.10.1301","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of the carpal tunnel after provocative exercises","volume":"23","author":"Altinok","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.04.008","article-title":"The efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of long head of the biceps tendon pathology","volume":"15","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.02.010","article-title":"Ultrasound of the hand and wrist","volume":"34","author":"Bajaj","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2006.03.004","article-title":"Ultrasound of the shoulder and elbow","volume":"37","author":"Beggs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2010.10.003","article-title":"Shoulder ultrasound","volume":"32","author":"Beggs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seminars Ultrasound Ct MR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.6.587","article-title":"Sonographic diagnosis of distal biceps tendon rupture: a prospective study of 25 cases","volume":"20","author":"Belli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0929-4","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of normal extrinsic and intrinsic carpal ligaments: preliminary experience","volume":"34","author":"Boutry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850600854936","article-title":"Reproducibility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of tendon size","volume":"47","author":"Brushoj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181588041","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination on patients with chronic wrist pain: a retrospective study","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102458","article-title":"de Quervain disease: US identification of anatomic variations in the first extensor compartment with an emphasis on subcompartmentalization","volume":"260","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509359066","article-title":"Lateral elbow tendinopathy: correlation of ultrasound findings with pain and functional disability","volume":"38","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2009.05.001","article-title":"Reliability of quantitative ultrasound measures of the biceps and supraspinatus tendons","volume":"16","author":"Collinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109809","article-title":"Real-time sonoelastography: findings in patients with symptomatic Achilles tendons and comparison to healthy volunteers","volume":"31","author":"De Zordo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.10.1351","article-title":"Sonography of partial-thickness tears of the distal triceps brachii tendon","volume":"30","author":"Downey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.1.7","article-title":"Sonographic findings of rotator cuff calcifications","volume":"14","author":"Farin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib16","first-page":"122","article-title":"Ultrasound of the elbow","volume":"80","author":"Ferrara","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Belge Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.11.002","article-title":"Ultrasonography of symptomatic rotator cuff tears compared with MR imaging and surgery","volume":"68","author":"Fotiadou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2009.03.013","article-title":"Ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a critically appraised topic","volume":"44","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.256055028","article-title":"Normal sonographic anatomy of the wrist and hand","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263260","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound: elbow imaging and procedures","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5769","article-title":"Utility of sonographic measurement of the common tensor tendon in patients with lateral epicondylitis","volume":"196","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib22","first-page":"66","article-title":"Ultra sonographic findings for chronic lateral epicondylitis","volume":"95","author":"Obradov","year":"2012","journal-title":"JBR-BTR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202245","article-title":"Ultrasonographic study of wrist ligaments: review and new perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Renoux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.12.012","article-title":"Ultrasound for the early diagnosis of clinically suspected scaphoid fracture","volume":"29","author":"Senall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.09.001","article-title":"Detection and quantification of rotator cuff tears with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging\u2014a prospective study in 77 consecutive patients with a surgical reference","volume":"36","author":"Sipola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.05.007","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.11.024","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of acute biceps tendon changes after wheelchair sports","volume":"88","author":"van Drongelen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib28","first-page":"42","article-title":"Ultrasound of the hand and wrist in rheumatology","volume":"14","author":"Vlad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123026","article-title":"Ultrasound differentiation of two types of de Quervain's disease: the role of retinaculum","volume":"69","author":"Volpe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1302-43","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Irwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.04.010","article-title":"Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users","volume":"21","author":"Mercer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21855","article-title":"Chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries: a community survey","volume":"82","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100802","article-title":"Upper extremity pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Dalyan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2004.11753724","article-title":"Shoulder pain in chronic spinal cord injury, part I: epidemiology, etiology, and pathomechanics","volume":"27","author":"Dyson-Hudson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.1995.11719374","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of wrist and shoulder pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Subbarao","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0173","article-title":"Shoulder pain in persons with thoracic spinal cord injury: prevalence and characteristics","volume":"40","author":"Alm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(18)30149-9","article-title":"Musculoskeletal conditions after spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Goldstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib38","first-page":"44","article-title":"Upper extremity pain in the postrehabilitation spinal cord injured patient","volume":"73","author":"Sie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib39","first-page":"211","article-title":"Upper limb function in persons with long term paraplegia and implications for independence: part I","volume":"32","author":"Pentland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.02.019","article-title":"Ultrasonographic median nerve changes after a wheelchair sporting event","volume":"90","author":"Impink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib41","first-page":"208","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathies in the upper extremities of paraplegic wheelchair marathon racers","volume":"33","author":"Dozono","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.018","article-title":"Asymptomatic median mononeuropathy among men with chronic paraplegia","volume":"88","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib43","first-page":"182","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"23","author":"Aljure","year":"1985","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(21)01613-0","article-title":"Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: prevalence, location, and risk factors","volume":"75","author":"Burnham","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib45","first-page":"17","article-title":"Compressive mononeuropathies of the upper extremity in chronic paraplegia","volume":"29","author":"Davidoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870040-00006","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"70","author":"Gellman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(88)80132-1","article-title":"The paraplegic hand: electrodiagnostic studies and clinical findings","volume":"13","author":"Tun","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.26178","article-title":"The effect of a standard activity on the size of the median nerve as determined by ultrasound visualization","volume":"26","author":"Massy-Westropp","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20441","article-title":"Adaptive response of human tendon to paralysis","volume":"33","author":"Maganaris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.07.019","article-title":"Reliability and responsiveness of musculoskeletal ultrasound in subjects with and without spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Dudley-Javoroski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102061","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in shoulders of able-bodied, paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects","volume":"46","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.05.015","article-title":"Shoulder ultrasound abnormalities, physical examination findings, and pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury","volume":"89","author":"Brose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2356-3","article-title":"Clinical indications for musculoskeletal ultrasound: a Delphi-based consensus paper of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology","volume":"22","author":"Klauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2433","article-title":"Musculoskeletal sonography technique: focused versus comprehensive evaluation","volume":"190","author":"Jamadar","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121947","article-title":"Imaging algorithms for evaluating suspected rotator cuff disease: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement","volume":"267","author":"Nazarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.024","article-title":"Shoulder ultrasound imaging\u2014integrating anatomy, biomechanics and disease processes","volume":"68","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.01.012","article-title":"Assessment of calcific tendonitis of rotator cuff by ultrasonography: comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders","volume":"77","author":"Le Goff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1241","article-title":"Accuracy of MRI, MR arthrography, and ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a meta-analysis","volume":"192","author":"de Jesus","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.07.017","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound in patients with suspected subacromial disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Ottenheijm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib60","first-page":"2485","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology","volume":"32","author":"Wakefield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.048","article-title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasonography for clinical medial epicondylitis","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7302","article-title":"The role of sonography in differentiating full versus partial distal biceps tendon tears: correlation with surgical findings","volume":"200","author":"Lobo Lda","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-002-0558-0","article-title":"Dynamic sonography with valgus stress to assess elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball pitchers","volume":"31","author":"De Smet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0788-4","article-title":"Sonography of injury of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow-initial experience","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1199-6","article-title":"Sonographic identification of the intracompartmental septum in de Quervain's disease","volume":"468","author":"Kwon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.02.001","article-title":"The accuracy of high-resolution ultrasound for evaluating focal lesions of the hand and wrist","volume":"29","author":"Teefey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/93042867","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography for musculoskeletal applications","volume":"85","author":"Drakonaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/016173469101300201","article-title":"Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues","volume":"13","author":"Ophir","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ultrason Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(90)90002-T","article-title":"\u201cSonoelasticity\u201d images derived from ultrasound signals in mechanically vibrated tissues","volume":"16","author":"Lerner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/ruq.0b013e31815b7ed6","article-title":"Imaging and estimation of tissue elasticity by ultrasound","volume":"23","author":"Garra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e31822a2138","article-title":"Elastography: current status, future prospects, and making it work for you","volume":"27","author":"Garra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0918-0","article-title":"Elastography: modality-specific approaches, clinical applications, and research horizons","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2004.1295425","article-title":"Supersonic shear imaging: a new technique for soft tissue elasticity mapping","volume":"51","author":"Bercoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001","article-title":"Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Sandrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W134","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1843","article-title":"Real-time sonoelastography findings in healthy Achilles tendons","volume":"193","author":"De Zordo","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254521","article-title":"Is sonoelastography of value in assessing tendons?","volume":"14","author":"Klauser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.2020","article-title":"Real-time sonoelastography of lateral epicondylitis: comparison of findings between patients and healthy volunteers","volume":"193","author":"De Zordo","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib78","first-page":"373","article-title":"Sonoelastography in the evaluation of painful Achilles tendon in amateur athletes","volume":"28","author":"Sconfienza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib79","first-page":"306","article-title":"Sonoelastography contribution in cerebral palsy spasticity treatment assessment, preliminary report: a systematic review of the literature apropos of seven patients","volume":"12","author":"Vasilescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.07.010","article-title":"Real-time qualitative ultrasound elastography of miscellaneous non-nodal neck masses: applications and limitations","volume":"36","author":"Bhatia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965114000473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965114000473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T03:36:49Z","timestamp":1760931409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047965114000473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047965114000473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-9651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of Neuromuscular Conditions Using Ultrasound","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}