{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:09:07Z","timestamp":1771006147850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T01:16:43Z","timestamp":1525742203000},"page":"529-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Muscle Overactivity in the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Miczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Padova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.17925\/ENR.2016.11.02.79","article-title":"How can we improve current practice in spastic paresis?","volume":"11","author":"Fheodoroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Neurol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182764c86","article-title":"Poststroke spasticity. Sequelae and burden on stroke survivors and caregivers","volume":"80","author":"Zorowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(18)30032-9","article-title":"Physical modalities other than stretch in spastic hypertonia","volume":"12","author":"Gracies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib4","unstructured":"Mayer NH, Herman RM. Positive signs and consequences of upper motor neuron syndrome. In: Brashear A, Mayer N, editors. Spasticity and other forms of muscle overactivity in upper motor neuron syndrome etiology, evaluation, management, and the role of Botulinum Toxin. WeMove. 2008. p. 11\u201326."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.02.015","article-title":"The effects of stretching in spasticity: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Bovend\u2019Eerdt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0613","article-title":"How to clinically assess and treat muscle overactivity in spastic paresis","volume":"42","author":"Yelnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib7","article-title":"Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures","author":"Harvey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib8","first-page":"87","article-title":"Combined effects of botulinium toxin and casting treatments on lower limb spasticity after stroke","volume":"23","author":"Farina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib9","unstructured":"Albany K, Myers R, Hunt D. Physical and occupational therapy considerations in adult patients receiving botulin toxin injections for muscle overactivity. In: Brashear A, Mayer N, editors. Spasticity and other forms of muscle overactivity in upper motor neuron syndrome etiology, evaluation, management, and the role of Botulinum Toxin. WeMove. 2008. p. 219\u201330."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib10","first-page":"423","article-title":"Rehabilitation procedures in the management of spasticity","volume":"46","author":"Smania","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31825f13a3","article-title":"Spasticity after stroke: an overview of prevalence, test instruments, and treatments","volume":"91","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib12","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Assessing and treating functional impairment in poststroke spasticity","volume":"80","author":"Sunnerhagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000141130.58285.DA","article-title":"The role of therapy in spasticity management","volume":"83","author":"Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib14","first-page":"174","article-title":"Robot-assisted therapy in stroke rehabilitation","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.04.0076","article-title":"Systematic review of the\u00a0effect of robot-aided therapy on recovery of the Hemiparetic arm after stroke","volume":"43","author":"Prange","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1604-237","article-title":"Gains in upper extremity function after stroke via recovery or compensation: potential differential effects on amount of real-world limb use","volume":"16","author":"Lum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2010.08027","article-title":"Comparison of constraint-induced movement therapy and bilateral treatment of equal intensity in people with chronic upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebrovascular accident","volume":"64","author":"Hayner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510381620","article-title":"Spasticity and contractures at the wrist after stroke: time course of development and their association with functional recovery of the upper limb","volume":"25","author":"Malhotra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1154","article-title":"Ankle dorsiflexion, not plantarflexion strength, predicts the functional mobility of people with spastic hemiplegia","volume":"45","author":"Ng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"}],"container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965118307642?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965118307642?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1760931617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047965118307642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047965118307642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9651","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Muscle Overactivity in the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}