{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:22:17Z","timestamp":1792196537605,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:12:35Z","timestamp":1758773555000},"page":"701-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Migraine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Henry H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palak R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00763-1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of migraine and its implications for public health and health policy","volume":"19","author":"Steiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"10283","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32160-7","article-title":"Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care","volume":"397","author":"Ashina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90067-5","article-title":"Intravenous nitroglycerin as an experimental model of vascular headache. Basic characteristics","volume":"38","author":"Iversen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1104165.x","article-title":"Evidence for 5-HT1B\/1D receptors mediating the antimigraine effect of sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine","volume":"11","author":"Buzzi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Int J Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.7.1084","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of the 5-HT1B\/1D receptor agonists","volume":"59","author":"Tepper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01132-3","article-title":"Lasmiditan mechanism of action \u2013 review of a selective 5-HT1F agonist","volume":"21","author":"Clemow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib7","article-title":"Further observations on the spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00536-3","article-title":"Trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission involves N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors","volume":"90","author":"Storer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.09.008","article-title":"NO-induced migraine attack: strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin release","volume":"106","author":"Juhasz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0852-4","article-title":"PACAP and its role in primary headaches","volume":"19","author":"Edvinsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.03.012","article-title":"Mast cell degranulation activates a pain pathway underlying migraine headache","volume":"130","author":"Levy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1355281","article-title":"Advances in understanding migraine pathophysiology: a bench to bedside review of research insights and therapeutics","volume":"17","author":"Frimpong-Manson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.10.1274","article-title":"Does this patient with headache have a migraine or need neuroimaging?","volume":"296","author":"Detsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 2018;38(1):1\u2013211. doi:10.1177\/0333102417738202.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib15","first-page":"260","article-title":"Acute headache in adults: a diagnostic approach","volume":"106","author":"Viera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.104337","article-title":"Appraisal of Kernig\u2019s and Brudzinski\u2019s sign in meningitis","volume":"15","author":"Mehndiratta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1954-3937","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of primary headache disorders","volume":"42","author":"Levin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417702121","article-title":"Prospective testing of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura in patients with transient ischemic attacks","volume":"38","author":"Lebedeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Int J Headache"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2021.102208","article-title":"Migraine review for general practice","volume":"54","author":"Aguilar-Shea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atenci\u00f3n Primaria"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006697","article-title":"Red and orange flags for secondary headaches in clinical practice: SNNOOP10 list","volume":"92","author":"Do","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14054","article-title":"Green flags and headache: a concept study using the Delphi method","volume":"61","author":"Pohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3061966","article-title":"NSAIDs in the acute treatment of migraine: a review of clinical and experimental data","volume":"3","author":"Pardutz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib23","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Migraine headache","author":"Pescador Ruschel","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib24","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Triptans","author":"Nicolas","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2732","article-title":"Effects of lasmiditan on simulated driving performance: results of two randomized, blinded, crossover studies with placebo and active controls","volume":"35","author":"Pearlman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1601-195","article-title":"Metoclopramide inhibits trigeminovascular activation:evidence for effective acute attack treatment in migraine","volume":"47","author":"Do\u011fanay Aydin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28544","article-title":"Comparison of new pharmacologic agents with triptans for treatment of migraine","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib28","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor","author":"Rashid","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib29","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Ergotamine\/Caffeine","author":"Ngo","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib30","first-page":"533","article-title":"Serotonin syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Volpi-Abadie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib31","article-title":"Migraine and neuromodulation: a literature review","volume":"14","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.03.001","article-title":"Nerve blocks in the treatment of headache","volume":"7","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0556-3","article-title":"Beta-blockers for migraine prevention: a review article","volume":"21","author":"Danesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E269","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081657","article-title":"Prophylaxis of migraine headache","volume":"182","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib35","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Migraine medications","author":"Lew","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2019.07.009","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to CGRP or its receptor for Migraine prevention","volume":"15","author":"Moriarty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01678.x","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phases of the PREEMPT clinical program","volume":"50","author":"Dodick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib38","series-title":"Progress in brain research. Vol 255. Update on emerging treatments for migraine","first-page":"171","article-title":"Chapter 7 - OnabotulinumtoxinA injection in the treatment of chronic migraine","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01766.x","article-title":"Method of injection of onabotulinumtoxina for chronic migraine: a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment paradigm based on the PREEMPT clinical program","volume":"50","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache J Head Face Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0750-8","article-title":"Complementary and integrative medicine for episodic migraine: an update of evidence from the last 3 years","volume":"23","author":"Wells","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"}],"container-title":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965125000610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047965125000610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T23:11:17Z","timestamp":1761779477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047965125000610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047965125000610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-9651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-9651","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Migraine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2025.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}