{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1791296882280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]],"date-time":"2011-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010843","name":"Foundation for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate lifetime prevalence and risk factors for overuse injuries in high school athletes currently participating in long\u2010distance running and provide recommendations for injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 442 female and 306 male athletes, ages 13\u201018 years, who are on cross\u2010country and track and field teams.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online survey with questions that detailed previous injuries sustained and risk factors for injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous overuse injuries and association of risk factors to injury (including training variables, dietary patterns, and, in girls, menstrual irregularities).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous injuries were reported by 68% of female subjects and 59% of male subjects. More injury types were seen in girls (1.2 \u00b1 1.1 versus 1.0 \u00b1 1.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). Both genders had similar participation in running (2.5 \u00b1 2.2 versus 2.3 \u00b1 2.1 years), and previous injury prevalence followed a similar pattern: tibial stress injury (girls, 41%; boys, 34%), ankle sprain (girls, 32%; boys, 28%), patellofemoral pain (girls, 21%; boys, 16%), Achilles tendonitis (girls, 9%; boys, 6%), iliotibial band syndrome (girls, 7%; boys, 5%), and plantar fasciitis (girls, 5%; boys, 3%). Higher weekly mileage was associated with previous injuries in boys, (17.1 \u00b1 11.9 versus 14.1 \u00b1 11.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) but not in girls (14.4 \u00b1 10.2 versus 12.6 \u00b1 11.8, not significant). A strong association between higher mileage and faster performances was seen in both groups. No association between previous injury and current dietary patterns (including disordered eating and calcium intake) or menstrual irregularities was seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of athletes currently participating in high school cross\u2010country and track and field have a history of sustaining an overuse injury, with girls having a higher prevalence of injury. A modest mileage reduction may represent a modifiable risk factor for injury reduction. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of incorporating a comprehensive strength training program on the prospective development of overuse injury and performance in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]],"date-time":"2011-02-18T10:26:23Z","timestamp":1298024783000},"page":"125-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Overuse Injuries in High School Runners: Lifetime Prevalence and Prevention Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Sayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary L.","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin L.","family":"Sainani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fredericson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200004000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200203000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2007.tb01851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808330777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"2473","article-title":"Common overuse running injuries: diagnosis and management","volume":"55","author":"Ballas M.T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000126803.66636.DD"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815a76ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000248848.62368.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2006.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injuries in track and field: incidence, distribution and risk factors","volume":"28","author":"Bennell K.L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-002-0632-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3181de7ec5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b8c136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2009.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00126-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922810363154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Preventing running injuries. 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