{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:53:32Z","timestamp":1773302012519,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]],"date-time":"2010-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of electrical current to injured tissue is known to promote healing. The use of this modality in healing the injured spinal cord to promote neurologic recovery has been introduced as a potential treatment for patients who previously had minimal hope of recovery. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, neural regeneration has been seen to occur, especially when an oscillating field is used. With this modality, an electrical current is applied in which the polarity changes direction on a periodic basis, preventing the \u201cdie\u2010back\u201d phenomenon of severed neural pathways. This mechanism of recovery has been demonstrated in several species in which sacrifice has been undertaken and spinal cords examined. In a study of humans, a small number of patients participated in a single phase Ia trial in which the safety of an implantable device was demonstrated, with indications of probable benefit, consistent with laboratory and animal studies. In addition, a number of additional patients were treated, and their results were examined along with the original cohort and were compared with historical control subjects. The device used in this mode of treatment has not been approved for use in the general spinal cord\u2013injured population, pending further study. A larger multi\u2010institutional trial needs to be done to further demonstrate efficacy and effectiveness, and outcomes will need to be agreed upon by spinal cord injury researchers, patients, and regulators before widespread use will be permitted. Unfortunately, some subtle changes experienced and valued by patients are not recognized as important or desirable by regulators or by all researchers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]],"date-time":"2010-12-21T09:48:50Z","timestamp":1292924930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oscillating Field Stimulation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Beverly C.","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340250025015","article-title":"Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"261","author":"Bracken M.B.","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.5.0704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440031029","article-title":"Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours of tirilasad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"277","author":"Bracken M.B.","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"558","article-title":"Recruitment and early treatment in a multicenter study of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"2","author":"Geisler F.H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"515","article-title":"GM\u20101 gangliosides in the treatment of spinal cord injury: report of preliminary data analysis","volume":"50","author":"Geisler F.H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82748-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200006000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: not a standard of care","volume":"168","author":"Hugenholtz H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90305-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.5.0781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902500203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902500204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00584-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Effects of applied electric fields on clinical cases of complete paraplegia in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Borgens R.B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1999.16.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.1.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199110000-00007","article-title":"The interobserver reliability of the revised American Spinal Injury Association standards for neruological classification of spinal injury patients","volume":"70","author":"Priebe M.M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/6\/604","article-title":"Erratum","volume":"8","author":"Shapiro S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.1.0001","article-title":"Phase 1 trial of oscillating field stimulation for complete spinal cord injury in humans","volume":"2","author":"Tator C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems Inc. 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