{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:57:16Z","timestamp":1790787436612,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Olympic Committee Paralympic Military Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the magnitude and range of increases in peak aerobic capacity with hybrid\u2013functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing versus arms\u2010only rowing in persons with spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of graded exercise tests for peak responses during FES rowing and arms\u2010only rowing. Preliminary data on adaptations to FES row training were gathered in a subset of individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient cardiovascular research laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six male patients with spinal cord injury (T4\u2010T9, American Spinal Injury Association class A).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods or Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arms\u2010only rowing was compared with FES rowing, in which the person who is exercising synchronizes the voluntarily controlled upper body movement with the FES\u2010controlled leg movement via stimulation to the paralyzed leg muscles. A subgroup (n = 3) completed at least 6 months of a progressive FES row training exercise program with graded exercise tests every 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak oxygen consumption, peak ventilation, peak respiratory exchange ratio, peak heart rate, and peak oxygen pulse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak oxygen consumption was greater during FES rowing than during arms\u2010only rowing (20.0 \u00b1 1.9 mL\/kg\/min versus 15.7 \u00b1 1.5 mL\/kg\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .01). Peak ventilation was similar, whereas peak respiratory exchange ratio and peak heart rate tended to be lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .14 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .19, respectively). As a result, oxygen pulse was greater by 35% during FES rowing. Two of the three persons who completed at least 6 months of FES row training demonstrated increases in aerobic capacity greater than those previously observed in able\u2010bodied individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FES rowing may provide a more robust exercise stimulus for persons with spinal cord injury than most options currently available because of the greater aerobic demand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.03.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T03:40:50Z","timestamp":1316835650000},"page":"817-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Aerobic Capacity With Hybrid FES Rowing in Spinal Cord Injury: Comparison With Arms\u2010Only Exercise and Preliminary Findings With Regular Training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"J. 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