{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:13:23Z","timestamp":1761988403051},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]],"date-time":"2011-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Morbidity and decreased function related to osteoporosis, fracture, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease are encountered by clinicians daily. Although we have seen vast advancement in treatment and management of these conditions, preventative practice has unfortunately served a lesser role in patient care. Increasing the dietary intake of vitamin K may have substantial utility in the prevention of these disease states. Since the discovery of vitamin K in 1935, its primary role was thought to be involved in the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Recently, its function in other metabolic pathways has emerged, leading to exploration of its significance beyond coagulation. Vitamin K is essential to bone physiology and prevention of atherosclerosis. It is involved in bone remodeling, cell signaling, apoptosis, arterial calcification, and chemotaxis, and it has anti\u2010inflammatory effects. Conversely, warfarin, a potent vitamin K inhibitor, has demonstrated adverse effects on bone remodeling and atherosclerosis. Natural forms of vitamin K are available in multiple dietary sources, and some structural forms are more readily available for use in metabolic pathways than are others. With regard to supplementation, the specific form of vitamin K is often not disclosed, and the recommended daily value is potentially less than what is physiologically required. On the basis of a review of the literature, it appears advantageous to encourage patients to eat a diet rich in vitamin K; however, the benefit of vitamin K supplementation alone is yet to be thoroughly conveyed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,25]],"date-time":"2011-06-25T17:37:08Z","timestamp":1309023428000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vitamin K: Fracture Prevention and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Trasey D.","family":"Falcone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott S.W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan H.","family":"Cortazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.3100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00147-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78492-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"1182S","article-title":"Chemistry, nutritional sources, tissue distribution and metabolism of vitamin K with special reference to bone health","volume":"126","author":"Shearer M.J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-040709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.8.2565","article-title":"Dietary phylloquinone depletion and repletion in older women","volume":"133","author":"Booth S.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(96)00044-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2660625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00216.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230010042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-9021-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00023.x","article-title":"Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and bone morphogenetic protein\u20102 in aortic calcified lesions of aging rats","volume":"1","author":"Sweatt A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3353","article-title":"IL\u20106, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M stimulate bone resorption and regulate the expression of receptor activator of NF\u2010\u03baB ligand. 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