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The participant was a 57\u2010year\u2010old man who experienced persistent pain from subacromial impingement syndrome for 20 months despite having undergone conservative therapy of steroid injection and physical therapy. After study enrollment, a single intramuscular lead was placed percutaneously into the deltoid muscle of the affected shoulder. He was treated 6 hours per day for 3 weeks and the lead was removed. The primary outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory (Short\u2010form) Question 3 (BPI 3), which queries the worst pain in the last week on a 0\u201010 numerical rating scale. At baseline, BPI 3 was an 8. At the end of treatment and at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment, BPI 3 scores were 2, 0, and 0, respectively. Substantial improvements in shoulder impairment, quality of life, and shoulder disability measures were also observed. Additional studies are needed to further demonstrate safety and efficacy, determine optimal dose, define optimal prescriptive parameters, expand clinical indications, and demonstrate long\u2010term effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T19:03:45Z","timestamp":1345575825000},"page":"624-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Single\u2010Lead Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Shoulder Pain From Subacromial Impingement Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310004667"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.12.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Impingement lesions","volume":"173","author":"Neer C.S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199712000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.1999.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Shoulder impingement revisited: Advanced concepts of pathomechanics and treatment","volume":"55","author":"Goldberg S.S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B10.22094"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"The source of shoulder pain in hemiplegia","volume":"73","author":"Joynt R.L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.10.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","unstructured":"Chae J Wilson RD Bennett ME Lechman TE Stager KW. 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