{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:19Z","timestamp":1787755099481,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R\u201001H00592559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u201001H00592559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the relationship among spinal stenosis, back pain, paraspinal muscle denervation, and paraspinal muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective masked, double\u2010controlled study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A university hospital and outpatient spine clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten asymptomatic subjects, 10 subjects with mechanical low back pain, and 15 subjects with symptomatic spinal stenosis; age range, 55\u201080 years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of minimum spinal canal diameter, paraspinal muscle cross\u2010sectional area at the level of the L5\u2010S1 disk, and quantified paraspinal electrodiagnostic testing (MiniPM) were performed by examiners blinded to each other's results and to the participants' clinical information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paraspinal muscle cross\u2010sectional area and MiniPM scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A paraspinal cross\u2010sectional area decreased significantly from asymptomatic subjects (3872 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) to subjects with low back pain (3627 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and to subjects with spinal stenosis (2985 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). In the stenosis group, there was a trend toward increased paraspinal denervation in the subjects with severe spinal stenosis, but this was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic spinal stenosis results in greater paraspinal muscle atrophy than low back pain alone. The extent of paraspinal atrophy was not significantly explained by the extent of denervation, thus, it may be reversible, and the role of paraspinal muscle rehabilitation in patients with spinal stenosis deserves further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.08.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1358521600000},"page":"39-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Correlation of Paraspinal Atrophy and Denervation in Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis Relative to Asymptomatic Controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"John A.","family":"Yarjanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Fetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S.","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Haig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609010-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"On low back pain","volume":"15","author":"Enzmann D.R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1612::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Lumbar stenosis. 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