{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:00:50Z","timestamp":1791403250570,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower extremity injuries are common in athletes. Valid tests to assess for risk of injury that are easily performed during a preparticipation sports physical examination are lacking. Two\u2010dimensional (2D) analysis of the drop\u2010jump test can identify athletes at risk, but it is too expensive and cumbersome to use in this setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify if those who perform a \u201cpositive\u201d(abnormal postures) single leg squat (SLS) test also exhibit greater \u201cdynamic valgus\u201d on the 2D drop\u2010jump test. Our secondary purpose was to assess whether group differences in gender, age, or body mass index are evident between those who exhibit a positive SLS test result versus a negative SLS test result. Also, we wanted to determine any gender differences with the 2D drop\u2010jump test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private practice, preparticipation sports physical examinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 142 middle school and high school athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants performed a SLS test and a drop\u2010jump test during their preparticipation sports physical examination. Individuals were partitioned into groups based on the outcome of their SLS test (positive SLS group versus negative SLS group). Independent sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used to evaluate SLS group differences in the drop\u2010jump test, age, and body mass index, and the \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was used to evaluate SLS group differences in gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SLS test and drop\u2010jump test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010three of the 142 athletes (51%) had a positive SLS test result, whereas 69 athletes (49%) had a negative SLS test result. Individuals in the positive SLS group had a significantly lower knee\u2010hip ratio), indicative of greater dynamic knee valgus, than did those in the negative SLS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02). Individual characteristics between SLS groups including gender, age, and body mass index were similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SLS test is a reasonable tool to use in preparticipation sports physical examinations to assess for dynamic knee valgus and the potential risk of lower extremity injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T12:16:28Z","timestamp":1407500188000},"page":"229-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Single Leg Squat Test and Its Relationship to Dynamic Knee Valgus and Injury Risk Screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Viviane","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuck","family":"Brockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zach","family":"Bailowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine D.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2007.tb01851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.074377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280050601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504272261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38313.639236.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200607000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Alteration in the kinetic chain are found in a high percentage of injured patients: Conducting the \u201cnonshoulder\u201d shoulder examination","volume":"23","author":"Sciascia A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.078287","article-title":"Correlation between two\u2010dimensional video analysis and subjective assessment in evaluating knee control among elite female team handball players","volume":"45","author":"Strensrud S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study","volume":"233","author":"Hewett T.E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504266484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"498","article-title":"Is dynamic lower limb alignment during landing a predictor of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in high school basketball players? Presented at World Congress on Sports Injury Prevention, Tromso, Norway, June 27, 2008","volume":"42","author":"Tsuda E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509343200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182779962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen?","volume":"2","author":"Kiesel K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318220e6fa","article-title":"Real\u2010time intersession and interrater reliability of the functional movement screen","volume":"26","author":"Onate J.A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b22b3e","article-title":"Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance","volume":"25","author":"Okada T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.22.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000218140.05074.fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310032101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-207","article-title":"Kinematic predictors of single\u2010leg squat performance: A comparison of experienced physiotherapists and student physiotherapist","volume":"13","author":"Weeks B.K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.4041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.2.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505278257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000089346.85744.D9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504273049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300021901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504273047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Relationships between lower limb biomechanics during single leg squat with running and cutting tasks: A preliminary investigation","volume":"45","author":"Alenezi F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018598"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31823a46ce"}],"container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.pmrj.2014.08.361","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148214007321?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148214007321?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T04:33:00Z","timestamp":1694665980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.08.361","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}