{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:42:56Z","timestamp":1767904976794,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006663","name":"National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#H133E980007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#H133E980007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited studies have estimated the prevalence of ulnar neuropathy (UN) in the workplace. Hand diagrams have been demonstrated to have a good sensitivity and specificity when attempting to identify patients with UN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for UN among active workers based on results of a hand diagram, and to determine the reliability of hand diagram scoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven different industrial and clerical work sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 501 active workers were screened. Subjects completed a hand diagram and the Job Content Questionnaire, and had ergonomic assessment of their job. Each hand diagram was scored independently by 2 raters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rating of the hand diagram for UN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interrater reliability of scoring the hand diagram for UN was very high. The estimated prevalence of UN was 3.6%. Suspected UN was associated with positioning of the elbow but not by contact stress at the elbow or force at the hand. Smokers had a lower prevalence, but smokers with suspected UN had higher\u2010pack year histories. Workers with suspected UN had a greater sense of job insecurity and lower job satisfaction rating.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hand diagram rating has a high interrater reliability. Suspected UN has a relatively high prevalence among active workers in comparison to prior estimates of the prevalence of UN among the general population and is not strongly associated with ergonomic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T07:19:39Z","timestamp":1421392779000},"page":"571-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ulnar Neuropathy Among Active Workers Based Upon Hand Diagram Ratings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Franzblau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Evanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"Ulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2006.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1166-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000137316.54347.B8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23452","article-title":"Use of hand diagrams for screening for ulnar neuropathy; comparison with electrodiagnostic studies","volume":"46","author":"Werner R.A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90124-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"1495","article-title":"A self\u2010administered hand symptom diagram for the diagnosis and epidemiologic study of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Katz J.N.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-005-0871-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428119791012793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","unstructured":"2002 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment. 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