{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:02:56Z","timestamp":1784257376876,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Chronic pain in children and adolescents can be difficult for a single provider to manage in a busy clinical setting. Part of this difficulty is that pediatric chronic pain not only impacts the child but also the families of these children. In this review article, we discuss etiology and pathophysiology of chronic pain, along with variables that impact the severity of chronic pain and functional loss. We review diagnosis and management of selected chronic pain conditions in pediatric patients, including headache, low back pain, hypermobility, chronic fatigue, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, abdominal pain, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome. For each condition, we create a road map that contains therapy prescriptions, exercise recommendations, and variables that may influence pain severity. Potential medications for these pain conditions and associated symptoms are reviewed. A multidisciplinary approach for managing children with these conditions, including pediatric pain rehabilitation programs, is emphasized. Lastly, we discuss psychological factors and interventions for pediatric chronic pain and potential complementary and alternative natural products and interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T21:39:57Z","timestamp":1447364397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Managing Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Bradford W.","family":"Landry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherilyn W.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista M.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Harbeck\u2010Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Wilder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joline E.","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"233","volume-title":"ACSM's Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities","author":"Bailey S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00269-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00073-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","volume-title":"Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research","author":"Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education, Board on Health Sciences Policy","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"Jiao J Vincent A Cha SS Luedtke CA Kim CH Oh TH. Physical trauma and infection as precipitating factors in patients with fibromyalgia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil Apr 16. [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01317.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Stress, depression and fibromyalgia","volume":"106","author":"Van Houdenhove B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2014.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210f880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","volume-title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain","author":"Dahl J.C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.10.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d13623","article-title":"Gastric electrical activity becomes abnormal in the upright position in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Safder S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2013.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318217df7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","first-page":"CD008013","article-title":"Antidepressants for the treatment of abdominal pain\u2010related functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Kaminski A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000136563.31709.b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2008.512"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318158d70b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3461-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.8.797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-7-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2058-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274060-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: Review of a clinical series and description of the particularities in children","volume":"65","author":"Barbier O.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.81.4.572","article-title":"Psychologic aspects of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy","volume":"81","author":"Sherry D.D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(97)90305-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199806000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199909000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000194283.59132.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.2.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2002.126786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182850544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","first-page":"CD003786","article-title":"Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome","author":"Busch A.J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","first-page":"CD010884","article-title":"Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia","volume":"12","author":"Busch A.J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6957.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409355837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000147332.41993.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0175-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","unstructured":"Micromedex\u00ae 2.0 (electronic version). Truven Health Analytics; 2015. Available at:http:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com\/. Accessed May 7 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_2","volume-title":"Chronic Daily Headache in Children","author":"Mack K.J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","unstructured":"Mayo Medical Laboratories (electronic version). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2015. Available at:http:\/\/www.mayomedicallaboratories.com\/. Accessed May 7 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411419681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328342d3af"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511430198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510364838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.004861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.676064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russek LN Errico DM. Prevalence injury rate and symptom frequency in generalized joint laxity and joint hypermobility syndrome in a \u201chealthy\u201d college population. Clin Rheumatol 2015 May 1. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-2951-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_2","first-page":"799","article-title":"The relationship of joint hypermobility, bone mineral density, and osteoarthritis in the general population: The Chingford Study","volume":"30","author":"Dolan A.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.819388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers\u2010Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type): An updated critique","volume":"148","author":"Castori M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.1_Part_1.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsu008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12383","article-title":"Mind\u2010body therapies for the self\u2010management of chronic pain symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Lee C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31825e1492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199763979.001.0001","volume-title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents","author":"Palermo T.M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsr043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.10.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-140289","article-title":"Chronic pain in children and adolescents: 24\u201042 month outcomes of an inpatient\/day hospital interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program","volume":"7","author":"Banez G.A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318185c1c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_2","unstructured":"Evans J BE Banez G. The cost\u2010effectiveness of intensive pain rehabilitation for the treatment of chronic pain: From admission to one year follow\u2010up. Presented at the 10th Annual International Symposium on Pediatric Pain. May 31\u2010June 4 2015 Seattle WA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of complementary health approaches among children aged 4\u201017 years in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2007\u20102012","volume":"78","author":"Black L.I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/892624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.31-2-e17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00349-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-015-9600-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_140_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Marijuana","volume":"25","author":"Ammerman S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adolesc Med State Art Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20150203-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.01927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000249525.70011.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_145_2","first-page":"CD004504","article-title":"Herbal medicine for low\u2010back pain","volume":"12","author":"Oltean H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HNP.0000280932.65581.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_147_2","first-page":"CD002286","article-title":"Feverfew for preventing migraine","volume":"1","author":"Pittler M.H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.109606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_149_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double\u2010blind cross\u2010over study with L\u20105\u2010hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo","volume":"29","author":"De Benedittis G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4709-9_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-18-15","article-title":"The evidence base for chiropractic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in children and adolescents: The emperor's new suit?","volume":"18","author":"Hestbaek L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chiropr Osteopat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children1020134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00506-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2003.11","article-title":"Evaluation of chiropractic management of pediatric patients with low back pain: A prospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Hayden J.A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/41.3.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01294.x"}],"container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.pmrj.2015.09.006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148215009958?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148215009958?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T06:32:45Z","timestamp":1694673165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11S","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-09-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}