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Further, fear of falling, a significant psychological consequence of falls, has only been examined to a limited degree as a risk factor for future falls in a stroke population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the fall history between older adults with and without a previous stroke and to identify the determinants of falls and fear of falling in older stroke survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010five patients with stroke (mean age \u00b1 standard deviation, 66 \u00b1 7 years) and 50 age\u2010matched control participants with no previous stroke were tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fall history, fear of falling, and physical, cognitive, and psychological function were assessed. A \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>test was performed to compare characteristics between groups, and logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors for falls and fear of falling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fall events in the past 12 months, Fall Efficacy Scale\u2013International, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Category, Fatigue Severity Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Patient Healthy Questionnaire\u20139 were measured for all participants. Fugl\u2010Meyer Motor Assessment was used to quantify severity of stroke motor impairments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients and 13 control participants reported at least one fall in the past 12 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .58). Nine participants with stroke had recurrent falls (\u22652 falls) compared with none of the control participants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .01). Participants with stroke reported greater concern for falling than did nonstroke control participants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .01). Female gender was associated with falls in the nonstroke group, whereas falls in the stroke group were not significantly associated with any measured outcomes. Fear of falling in the stroke group was associated with functional ambulation level and balance. Functional ambulation level alone explained 22% of variance in fear of falling in the stroke group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with persons without a stroke, patients with stroke were significantly more likely to experience recurrent falls and fear of falling. Falls in patients with stroke were not explained by any of the outcome measures used, whereas fear of falling was predicted by functional ambulation level. This study has identified potentially modifiable risk factors with which to devise future prevention strategies for falls in patients with stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]],"date-time":"2016-06-04T23:08:35Z","timestamp":1465081715000},"page":"1173-1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Falls and Fear of Falling After Stroke: A Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010Ting","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohanasuntharaam","family":"Nadarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhamizan Binti","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parimalaganthi","family":"Varadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maw Pin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00796.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2015033","article-title":"Discriminant Analysis for predictor of falls in stroke patients by using the Berg Balance Scale","volume":"56","author":"Maeda N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0202.102375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6997.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.28030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.63.3.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e3282fba390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.546938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0519-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6903350020","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2015.016253","article-title":"Fear of falling in people with chronic stroke","volume":"69","author":"Schmid A.A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2012.36.6.797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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