{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:08:00Z","timestamp":1780772880127,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133B090002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133B090002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006307","name":"Administration for Community Living","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012737","name":"Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011061","name":"American Spinal Injury Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011061","name":"American Spinal Injury Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006663","name":"National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers an \u201caccelerated aging\u201d process that may include development of hypogonadism, even among younger men with SCI; however, few studies have investigated the prevalence or etiology of hypogonadism in men with SCI. Young men with SCI also are at increased risk for developing metabolic dysfunction after injury, which may be exacerbated by concomitant testosterone (T) deficiency, thus identifying the prevalence and risk factors for T deficiency in men with SCI is important for their long\u2010term health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and etiology of T deficiency (hypogonadism) in otherwise\u2010healthy men with chronic, motor complete SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary cross\u2010sectional analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rehabilitation research centers in Washington, DC, and Miami, Florida.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men (n = 58) aged 18\u201045 years with chronic (\u22651 year), motor complete SCI without comorbidities or use of testosterone therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma concentrations of hormones were measured with standardized assays. Body composition was assessed with dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry scan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum total T and calculated free T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T deficiency was more common in men after SCI than in a matched cohort of similarly\u2010aged men without SCI (25%, SCI versus 6.7%, non\u2010SCI, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). The risk of hypogonadism appeared to be increased in men with more extensive injury and with higher percent body fat. The majority of men with SCI with low T had low serum LH levels, suggesting that central suppression of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal axis may be the most common etiology of hypogonadism after SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogonadism is more common in young men with SCI than in similarly aged men without SCI, suggesting that SCI should be identified as a risk factor for T deficiency and that routine screening for hypogonadism should be performed in the SCI population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T19:45:09Z","timestamp":1479498309000},"page":"751-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prevalence and Etiology of Hypogonadism in Young Men With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis From Two University\u2010Based Rehabilitation Centers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shannon D.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Tefera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Tinsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Groah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. 2014 Annual Report Complete Public Version University of Alabama. Available athttps:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu\/reports. Published Nov 2014. Accessed February 1 2015.","DOI":"10.15764\/STP.2014.03001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1901-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","unstructured":"Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation website. Published 2009. Available athttp:\/\/www.christopherreeve.org\/site\/c.mtKZKgMWKwG\/b.5184189\/k.5587\/Paralysis_Facts_Figures.htm. Accessed May 1 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31821f70bc","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and aging: Challenges and recommendations for future research","volume":"91","author":"Groah S.L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01931.x","article-title":"Effects of testosterone undeconaoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle\u2010aged men with late\u2010onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: Results from a 24\u2010month, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study","volume":"7","author":"Aversa A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000323773","article-title":"QT\/RR coherence is associated with testosterone levels in men with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"93","author":"La Fountaine M.F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181837f4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000228617.94079.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318151fa70"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01353-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"929","article-title":"Prevalence of testosterone deficiency after spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Durga A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2354","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"95","author":"Bhasin S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000143403.63328.C7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.1999.10131993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3042"}],"container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.pmrj.2016.11.005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148216311698?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1934148216311698?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.11.005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T15:48:30Z","timestamp":1694706510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.11.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.11.005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.11.005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}